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Transformer-based pre-trained models have achieved great improvements in semantic matching. However, existing models still suffer from insufficient ability to capture subtle differences. The modification, addition and deletion of words in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Chao Xue , Di Liang , Sirui Wang , Wei Wu , Jing Zhang

Vision-Language Pretraining (VLP) has shown impressive results on diverse downstream tasks by offline training on large-scale datasets. Regarding the growing nature of real-world data, such an offline training paradigm on ever-expanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Hongguang Zhu , Yunchao Wei , Xiaodan Liang , Chunjie Zhang , Yao Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities in diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The LLMs generally undergo supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by preference alignment to be usable in downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Zhichao Wang , Bin Bi , Kiran Ramnath , Xiang-Bo Mao , Regunathan Radhakrishnan , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

The increasing scale of general-purpose Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) necessitates the study of more efficient adaptation across different downstream tasks. In this paper, we establish a Black-box Discrete Prompt Learning (BDPL) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Shizhe Diao , Zhichao Huang , Ruijia Xu , Xuechun Li , Yong Lin , Xiao Zhou , Tong Zhang

Prompt optimization and fine-tuning are two major approaches to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). They enhance the capabilities of LLMs from complementary perspectives: the former through explicit natural language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaohe Bo , Rui Li , Zexu Sun , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

With excellent generalization ability, SSL speech models have shown impressive performance on various downstream tasks in the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm. However, as the size of pre-trained models grows, fine-tuning becomes…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Mufan Sang , John H. L. Hansen

In deep learning, test-time adaptation has gained attention as a method for model fine-tuning without the need for labeled data. A prime exemplification is the recently proposed test-time prompt tuning for large-scale vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hee Suk Yoon , Eunseop Yoon , Joshua Tian Jin Tee , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Yingzhen Li , Chang D. Yoo

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have demonstrated impressive image generation capabilities. Still, their computational intensity prohibits resource-constrained organizations from deploying T2I models after fine-tuning them on their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Alireza Ganjdanesh , Reza Shirkavand , Shangqian Gao , Heng Huang

Few-shot, fine-grained classification in computer vision poses significant challenges due to the need to differentiate subtle class distinctions with limited data. This paper presents a novel method that enhances the Contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Eric Brouwer , Jan Erik van Woerden , Gertjan Burghouts , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Marco Zullich

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Prompt learning is a new learning paradigm which reformulates downstream tasks as similar pretraining tasks on pretrained models by leveraging textual prompts. Recent works have demonstrated that prompt learning is particularly useful for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Yue Zhang , Hongliang Fei , Dingcheng Li , Tan Yu , Ping Li

Recent progress has shown great potential of visual prompt tuning (VPT) when adapting pre-trained vision transformers to various downstream tasks. However, most existing solutions independently optimize prompts at each layer, thereby…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Nan Zhou , Jiaxin Chen , Di Huang

Generalized zero-shot learning aims to recognize both seen and unseen classes with the help of semantic information that is shared among different classes. It inevitably requires consistent visual-semantic alignment. Existing approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Huajie Jiang , Zhengxian Li , Xiaohan Yu , Yongli Hu , Baocai Yin , Jian Yang , Yuankai Qi

Text style transfer, an important research direction in natural language processing, aims to adapt the text to various preferences but often faces challenges with limited resources. In this work, we introduce a novel method termed Style…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Chunzhen Jin , Yongfeng Huang , Yaqi Wang , Peng Cao , Osmar Zaiane

Recent years have witnessed a clear trend towards language models with an ever-increasing number of parameters, as well as the growing training overhead and memory usage. Distributed training, particularly through Sharded Data Parallelism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jinda Jia , Cong Xie , Hanlin Lu , Daoce Wang , Hao Feng , Chengming Zhang , Baixi Sun , Haibin Lin , Zhi Zhang , Xin Liu , Dingwen Tao

Large-scale contrastive vision-language pre-training has shown significant progress in visual representation learning. Unlike traditional visual systems trained by a fixed set of discrete labels, a new paradigm was introduced in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Peng Gao , Shijie Geng , Renrui Zhang , Teli Ma , Rongyao Fang , Yongfeng Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Qiao

Prompt tuning has achieved remarkable progress in vision-language models (VLMs) and is recently being adopted for audio-language models (ALMs). However, its generalization ability in ALMs remains largely underexplored. We observe that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jaehyuk Jang , Wonjun Lee , Kangwook Ko , Changick Kim

Prompt learning has become a prevalent strategy for adapting vision-language foundation models (VLMs) such as CLIP to downstream tasks. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), recent studies have explored the potential of using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , De Cheng , Wenli Sun , Dongsheng Li , Cairong Zhao

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) has proven effective for parameter-efficient adaptation of pre-trained vision models to downstream tasks by inserting task-specific learnable prompt tokens. Despite its empirical success, a comprehensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Minh Le , Anh Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Chau Nguyen , Anh Tran , Nhat Ho

Vision-language models (VLMs) can learn high-quality representations from a large-scale training dataset of image-text pairs. Prompt learning is a popular approach to fine-tuning VLM to adapt them to downstream tasks. Despite the satisfying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zhifang Zhang , Yuwei Niu , Xin Liu , Beibei Li