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Facial action unit (AU) intensity plays a pivotal role in quantifying fine-grained expression behaviors, which is an effective condition for facial expression manipulation. However, publicly available datasets containing intensity…

This paper presents a subject-independent facial action unit (AU) detection method by introducing the concept of relative AU detection, for scenarios where the neutral face is not provided. We propose a new classification objective function…

Automatic detection of facial Action Units (AUs) allows for objective facial expression analysis. Due to the high cost of AU labeling and the limited size of existing benchmarks, previous AU detection methods tend to overfit the dataset,…

Recognizing human emotion/expressions automatically is quite an expected ability for intelligent robotics, as it can promote better communication and cooperation with humans. Current deep-learning-based algorithms may achieve impressive…

Facial action unit (AU) detection remains challenging because it involves heterogeneous, AU-specific uncertainties arising at both the representation and decision stages. Recent methods have improved discriminative feature learning, but…

For the Facial Action Unit (AU) detection task, accurately capturing the subtle facial differences between distinct AUs is essential for reliable detection. Additionally, AU detection faces challenges from class imbalance and the presence…

We address the problem of facial expression editing by controling the relative variation of facial action-unit (AU) from the same person. This enables us to edit this specific person's expression in a fine-grained, continuous and…

Expressions and facial action units (AUs) are two levels of facial behavior descriptors. Expression auxiliary information has been widely used to improve the AU detection performance. However, most existing expression representations can…

Recently how to introduce large amounts of unlabeled facial images in the wild into supervised Facial Action Unit (AU) detection frameworks has become a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new AU detection framework where…

In this paper, we propose to detect facial action units (AU) using 3D facial landmarks. Specifically, we train a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) on 3D facial landmarks, tracked using a shape index-based statistical shape model, for…

Studies have proven that domain bias and label bias exist in different Facial Expression Recognition (FER) datasets, making it hard to improve the performance of a specific dataset by adding other datasets. For the FER bias issue, recent…

Facial Action Coding System consists of 44 action units (AUs) and more than 7000 combinations. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) classifier has been used successfully to recognize facial action units (AUs) and expressions due to its ability to…

Multimodal foundation models have significantly improved feature representation by integrating information from multiple modalities, making them highly suitable for a broader set of applications. However, the exploration of multimodal…

Facial action unit (AU) detection is a challenging task due to the scarcity of manual annotations. Recent works on AU detection with self-supervised learning have emerged to address this problem, aiming to learn meaningful AU…

This paper describes an approach to the facial action units detections. The involved action units (AU) include AU1 (Inner Brow Raiser), AU2 (Outer Brow Raiser), AU4 (Brow Lowerer), AU6 (Cheek Raise), AU12 (Lip Corner Puller), AU15 (Lip…

Facial Action Units (AU) is a vital concept in the realm of affective computing, and AU detection has always been a hot research topic. Existing methods suffer from overfitting issues due to the utilization of a large number of learnable…

Facial action unit (AU) intensity is an index to describe all visually discernible facial movements. Most existing methods learn intensity estimator with limited AU data, while they lack generalization ability out of the dataset. In this…

The activations of Facial Action Units (AUs) mutually influence one another. While the relationship between a pair of AUs can be complex and unique, existing approaches fail to specifically and explicitly represent such cues for each pair…

The development of existing facial coding systems, such as the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), relied on manual examination of facial expression videos for defining Action Units (AUs). To overcome the labor-intensive nature of this…

Facial action unit detection has emerged as an important task within facial expression analysis, aimed at detecting specific pre-defined, objective facial expressions, such as lip tightening and cheek raising. This paper presents our…