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We present the Boltzmann classifier, a novel distance based probabilistic classification algorithm inspired by the Boltzmann distribution. Unlike traditional classifiers that produce hard decisions or uncalibrated probabilities, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Muhamed Amin , Bernard R. Brooks

In this work, we analyze the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a class of neural networks known as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) in the context of unsupervised learning. We show how the network is described as a discrete Markov…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-23 Domingos S. P. Salazar

Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) require flexible probability models that can be efficiently learned and sampled. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are generative neural networks with these desired properties. We integrate an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Malte Probst , Franz Rothlauf , Jörn Grahl

Despite their exceptional flexibility and popularity, the Monte Carlo methods often suffer from slow mixing times for challenging statistical physics problems. We present a general strategy to overcome this difficulty by adopting ideas and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-01-06 Li Huang , Lei Wang

The use of generative models to sample equilibrium distributions of many-body systems, as first demonstrated by Boltzmann Generators, has attracted substantial interest due to their ability to produce unbiased and uncorrelated samples in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-23 Maximilian Schebek , Frank Noé , Jutta Rogal

Complex behaviors often sit at a critical threshold between order and disorder. But not all disorder is created equal. Disorder can be trivial or constrained, and correlated disorder can even be topological. Crucially, constrained disorder…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-29 Priyanka Priyanka , Cristiano Nisoli , Yair Shokef

In classical and quantum frustrated magnets the interactions in combination with the lattice structure impede the spins to order in optimal configurations at zero temperature. The theoretical interest in their classical realisations has…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-01 Leticia F. Cugliandolo

The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is a stochastic neural network capable of solving a variety of difficult tasks such as NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems and integer factorization. The RBM architecture is also very compact;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Saavan Patel , Philip Canoza , Sayeef Salahuddin

Focusing on the grand-canonical extension of the ordinary restricted Boltzmann machine, we suggest an energy-based model for feature extraction that uses a layer of hidden units with varying size. By an appropriate choice of the chemical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-12-13 Orestis Loukas

This paper proposes a CS scheme that exploits the representational power of restricted Boltzmann machines and deep learning architectures to model the prior distribution of the sparsity pattern of signals belonging to the same class. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-02 Luisa F. Polania , Kenneth E. Barner

Investigating the emergence of complexity in disordered interacting systems, central to fields like spin glass physics, remains challenging due to difficulties in systematic experimental tuning. We introduce a tunable artificial spin…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Vinayak Shantaram Bhat , M. Benjamin Jungfleisch

Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is an importan- t generative model modeling vectorial data. While applying an RBM in practice to images, the data have to be vec- torized. This results in high-dimensional data and valu- able spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-06 Guanglei Qi , Yanfeng Sun , Junbin Gao , Yongli Hu , Jinghua Li

Restricted Boltzmann Machines are key tools in Machine Learning and are described by the energy function of bipartite spin-glasses. From a statistical mechanical perspective, they share the same Gibbs measure of Hopfield networks for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Chiara Longo , Daniele Tantari

A deterministic multiscale toy model is studied in which a chaotic fast subsystem triggers rare transitions between slow regimes, akin to weather or climate regimes. Using homogenization techniques, a reduced stochastic parametrization…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-04-11 Lewis Mitchell , Georg A. Gottwald

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) offer a versatile architecture for unsupervised machine learning that can in principle approximate any target probability distribution with arbitrary accuracy. However, the RBM model is usually not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Lennart Dabelow , Masahito Ueda

The possibility of employing restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) for collaborative filtering has been known for about a decade. However, there has been hardly any work on this topic since 2007. This work revisits the application of RBM in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Sagar Verma , Prince Patel , Angshul Majumdar

The modification of geometry and interactions in two-dimensional magnetic nanosystems has enabled a range of studies addressing the magnetic order, collective low-energy dynamics, and emergent magnetic properties, in e.g. artificial spin…

We study an artificial spin ice system consisting of two identical layers separated by a height offset $h$. For small separation, the layers are shown to attract each other, provided the whole system is in the ground state. Such an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-02-05 Fabio S. Nascimento , Afranio R. Pereira , Winder A. Moura-Melo

We review Boltzmann machines and energy-based models. A Boltzmann machine defines a probability distribution over binary-valued patterns. One can learn parameters of a Boltzmann machine via gradient based approaches in a way that log…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Takayuki Osogami

Artificial spin ice has become a valuable tool for understanding magnetic interactions on a microscopic level. The strength in the approach lies in the ability of a synthetic array of nanoscale magnets to mimic crystalline materials,…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-12-23 Stephen A. Daunheimer , Olga Petrova , Oleg Tchernyshyov , John Cumings