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This study investigates the behaviors of Large Language Models (LLMs) when faced with conflicting prompts versus their internal memory. This will not only help to understand LLMs' decision mechanism but also benefit real-world applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiahao Ying , Yixin Cao , Kai Xiong , Yidong He , Long Cui , Yongbin Liu

LLM-based Automatic Prompt Optimization, which typically utilizes LLMs as Prompt Optimizers to self-reflect and refine prompts, has shown promising performance in recent studies. Despite the success, the underlying mechanism of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ruotian Ma , Xiaolei Wang , Xin Zhou , Jian Li , Nan Du , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Model (LLM) has demonstrated significant ability in various Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their effectiveness is highly dependent on the phrasing of the task prompt, leading to research on automatic prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yixin Cao , Jizhi Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent works have shown promising results of prompt tuning in stimulating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing works focus on prompt-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yuan Yao , Bowen Dong , Ao Zhang , Zhengyan Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun , Jianyong Wang

Ideas generated by independent samples of humans tend to be more diverse than ideas generated from independent LLM samples, raising concerns that widespread reliance on LLMs could homogenize ideation and undermine innovation at a societal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuting Deng , Melanie Brucks , Olivier Toubia

System prompts provide a lightweight yet powerful mechanism for conditioning large language models (LLMs) at inference time. While prior work has focused on English-only settings, real-world deployments benefit from having a single prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lechen Zhang , Yusheng Zhou , Tolga Ergen , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , David Jurgens

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

There has been considerable divergence of opinion on the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While the initial optimism that reasoning might emerge automatically with scale has been tempered thanks to a slew of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential to accelerate systematic literature reviews (SLRs), yet current approaches often rely on brittle, manually crafted prompts that compromise reliability and reproducibility. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Teo Susnjak

The remarkable success of pretrained language models has motivated the study of what kinds of knowledge these models learn during pretraining. Reformulating tasks as fill-in-the-blanks problems (e.g., cloze tests) is a natural approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Taylor Shin , Yasaman Razeghi , Robert L. Logan , Eric Wallace , Sameer Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate relevance judgments for information retrieval (IR) tasks, often demonstrating agreement with human labels that approaches inter-human agreement. To assess the robustness and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A . Clarke

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 have attracted great attention given their surprising performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. Length controlled generation of LLMs emerges as an important topic, which enables users to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Renlong Jie , Xiaojun Meng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in many complex tasks including mathematical reasoning. However, traditional approaches heavily rely on ensuring self-consistency within single prompting method, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Gisang Lee , Sangwoo Park , Junyoung Park , Andrew Chung , Sieun Park , Yoonah Park , Byungju Kim , Min-gyu Cho

Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform various natural language processing tasks with suitable instruction prompts. However, designing effective prompts manually is challenging and time-consuming. Existing methods for automatic prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Viet-Tung Do , Van-Khanh Hoang , Duy-Hung Nguyen , Shahab Sabahi , Jeff Yang , Hajime Hotta , Minh-Tien Nguyen , Hung Le

Cognitive biases, systematic deviations from rationality in judgment, pose significant challenges in generating objective content. This paper introduces a novel approach for real-time cognitive bias detection in user-generated text using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Frederic Lemieux , Aisha Behr , Clara Kellermann-Bryant , Zaki Mohammed

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) with assertions to mitigate imbalances in educational datasets. Traditional models often fall short in such contexts, particularly due to the complexity and nuanced…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jeanne McClure , Machi Shimmei , Noboru Matsuda , Shiyan Jiang

Large language models provide rich semantic priors and strong reasoning capabilities, making them promising auxiliary signals for recommendation. However, prevailing approaches either deploy LLMs as standalone recommender or apply global…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shanglin Yang , Zhan Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have in recent years demonstrated impressive prowess in natural language generation. A common practice to improve generation diversity is to sample multiple outputs from the model. However, there lacks a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Xingdi Yuan , Tong Wang , Yen-Hsiang Wang , Emery Fine , Rania Abdelghani , Pauline Lucas , Hélène Sauzéon , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

The performance of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is often sensitive to nuances in prompt templates, requiring careful prompt engineering, adding costs in terms of computing and human effort. In this study, we present experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Liang Cheng , Tianyi LI , Zhaowei Wang , Mark Steedman
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