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Large language models (LLMs) are often equipped with multi-sample decoding strategies. An LLM implicitly defines an arithmetic code book, facilitating efficient and embarrassingly parallelizable \textbf{arithmetic sampling} to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Aditya Parashar , Aditya Vikram Singh , Avinash Amballa , Jinlin Lai , Benjamin Rozonoyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and planning when trained on chainof-thought (CoT) data, where the step-by-step thought process is explicitly outlined by text tokens. However, this results in lengthy inputs where many words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 DiJia Su , Hanlin Zhu , Yingchen Xu , Jiantao Jiao , Yuandong Tian , Qinqing Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance on domain-specific tasks remains limited. While methods like retrieval augmented generation and fine-tuning can help to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 M. Mehdi Mojarradi , Lingyi Yang , Robert McCraith , Adam Mahdi

With Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly approaching and potentially surpassing human-level performance, it has become imperative to develop approaches capable of effectively supervising and enhancing these powerful models using smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Aakriti Agrawal , Mucong Ding , Zora Che , Chenghao Deng , Anirudh Satheesh , Bang An , Bayan Bruss , John Langford , Furong Huang

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown promise as generators of symbolic control policies, producing interpretable program-like representations through iterative search. However, these models are not capable of separating the functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Carlo Bosio , Matteo Guarrera , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Mark W. Mueller

Model ensemble is a useful approach in reinforcement learning (RL) for training effective agents. Despite wide success of RL, training effective agents remains difficult due to the multitude of factors requiring careful tuning, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yiwen Song , Qianyue Hao , Qingmin Liao , Jian Yuan , Yong Li

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly improved code completion tasks, yet the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost remains a critical challenge. While using larger models and incorporating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Boyuan Chen , Mingzhi Zhu , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Muhammad Shafique , Siddharth Garg

With Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly approaching and potentially surpassing human-level performance, it has become imperative to develop approaches capable of effectively supervising and enhancing these powerful models using smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Aakriti Agrawal , Mucong Ding , Zora Che , Chenghao Deng , Anirudh Satheesh , Bang An , Bayan Bruss , John Langford , Furong Huang

All languages are equal; when it comes to tokenization, some are more equal than others. Tokens are the hidden currency that dictate the cost and latency of access to contemporary LLMs. However, many languages written in non-Latin scripts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Maitrey Mehta , Nishant Subramani , Zhichao Xu , Ashim Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

Large language models (LLMs) and transformer-based architectures are increasingly utilized for source code analysis. As software systems grow in complexity, integrating LLMs into code analysis workflows becomes essential for enhancing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Hamed Jelodar , Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

Self-ensembling techniques with diverse reasoning paths such as Self-Consistency have demonstrated remarkable performance gains in text generation with Large Language Models (LLMs). However, such techniques depend on the availability of an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sumanth Prabhu

Users of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) may write letter-by-letter via an interface that uses a character language model. However, most state-of-the-art large pretrained language models predict subword tokens of variable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dylan Gaines , Keith Vertanen

This paper studies ensembling in the era of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Ensembling is a classical method to combine different models to get increased performance. In the recent work on Encyclopedic-VQA the authors examine a wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Lisa Alazraki , Lluis Castrejon , Mostafa Dehghani , Fantine Huot , Jasper Uijlings , Thomas Mensink

Uncertainty decomposition refers to the task of decomposing the total uncertainty of a predictive model into aleatoric (data) uncertainty, resulting from inherent randomness in the data-generating process, and epistemic (model) uncertainty,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Bairu Hou , Yujian Liu , Kaizhi Qian , Jacob Andreas , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in various applications, but they still face various inconsistency issues. Existing works primarily focus on the inconsistency issues within a single LLM, while we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, prompting investigations into their potential as generic reasoning engines. While recent studies have explored inference-time computation to enhance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zi Wang , Shiwei Weng , Mohannad Alhanahnah , Somesh Jha , Tom Reps

In the rapidly evolving domain of Natural Language Generation (NLG) evaluation, introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Zhen Li , Xiaohan Xu , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Jia-Chen Gu , Yuxuan Lai , Chongyang Tao , Shuai Ma

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently achieved impressive results in multimodal tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. However, they remain prone to object hallucination -- generating descriptions of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jinlin Li , Yuran Wang , Yifei Yuan , Xiao Zhou , Yingying Zhang , Xixian Yong , Yefeng Zheng , Xian Wu

This paper presents an efficient decoding approach for end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) with large language models (LLMs). Although shallow fusion is the most common approach to incorporate language models into E2E-ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Takaaki Hori , Martin Kocour , Adnan Haider , Erik McDermott , Xiaodan Zhuang

Most pretrained language models rely on subword tokenization, which processes text as a sequence of subword tokens. However, different granularities of text, such as characters, subwords, and words, can contain different kinds of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yilin Wang , Xinyi Hu , Matthew R. Gormley
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