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Analyzing high resolution whole slide images (WSIs) with regard to information across multiple scales poses a significant challenge in digital pathology. Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a common solution for working with high resolution…

Tumor segmentation stands as a pivotal task in cancer diagnosis. Given the immense dimensions of whole slide images (WSI) in histology, deep learning approaches for WSI classification mainly operate at patch-wise or superpixel-wise level.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Huaqian Wu , Clara Brémond-Martin , Kévin Bouaou , Cédric Clouchoux

Remarkable strides in computational pathology have been made in the task-agnostic foundation model that advances the performance of a wide array of downstream clinical tasks. Despite the promising performance, there are still several…

Presenting whole slide images (WSIs) as graph will enable a more efficient and accurate learning framework for cancer diagnosis. Due to the fact that a single WSI consists of billions of pixels and there is a lack of vast annotated datasets…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Milan Aryal , Nasim Yahyasoltani

Deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are difficult to directly utilize to analyze whole slide images (WSIs) due to the large image dimensions. We overcome this limitation by proposing a novel two-stage…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-15 Shivam Kalra , Mohammed Adnan , Sobhan Hemati , Taher Dehkharghanian , Shahryar Rahnamayan , Hamid Tizhoosh

This work proposes a novel approach beyond supervised learning for effective pathological image analysis, addressing the challenge of limited robust labeled data. Pathological diagnosis of diseases like cancer has conventionally relied on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Joonhyeon Song , Seohwan Yun , Seongho Yoon , Joohyeok Kim , Sangmin Lee

This paper introduces MAD-MIL, a Multi-head Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learning model, designed for weakly supervised Whole Slide Images (WSIs) classification in digital pathology. Inspired by the multi-head attention mechanism…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Hassan Keshvarikhojasteh , Josien Pluim , Mitko Veta

Whole slide images (WSIs) are gigapixel-scale digital images of H\&E-stained tissue samples widely used in pathology. The substantial size and complexity of WSIs pose unique analytical challenges. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jun Wang , Yu Mao , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

We consider machine-learning-based thyroid-malignancy prediction from cytopathology whole-slide images (WSI). Multiple instance learning (MIL) approaches, typically used for the analysis of WSIs, divide the image (bag) into patches…

Few-shot, fine-grained classification in computer vision poses significant challenges due to the need to differentiate subtle class distinctions with limited data. This paper presents a novel method that enhances the Contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Eric Brouwer , Jan Erik van Woerden , Gertjan Burghouts , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Marco Zullich

Few-shot Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification is severely hampered by overfitting. We argue that this is not merely a data-scarcity issue but a fundamentally geometric problem. Grounded in the manifold hypothesis, our analysis shows that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Conghao Xiong , Zhengrui Guo , Zhe Xu , Yifei Zhang , Raymond Kai-Yu Tong , Si Yong Yeo , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung , Irwin King

Digital whole slides images contain an enormous amount of information providing a strong motivation for the development of automated image analysis tools. Particularly deep neural networks show high potential with respect to various tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Michael Gadermayr , Maximilian Tschuchnig

Microscopic interpretation of histopathology images underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions. While advances in vision-language modeling raise new opportunities for analysis of such images, the gigapixel-scale size of…

Few-shot Learning aims to learn and distinguish new categories with a very limited number of available images, presenting a significant challenge in the realm of deep learning. Recent researchers have sought to leverage the additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Chunpeng Zhou , Haishuai Wang , Xilu Yuan , Zhi Yu , Jiajun Bu

Bag-based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) approaches have emerged as the mainstream methodology for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, most existing methods adopt a segmented training strategy, which first extracts features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jiangping Wen , Jinyu Wen , Meie Fang

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated strong performance in image segmentation of natural scene images. However, its effectiveness diminishes markedly when applied to specific scientific domains, such as Scanning Probe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yao Shen , Ziwei Wei , Chunmeng Liu , Shuming Wei , Qi Zhao , Kaiyang Zeng , Guangyao Li

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods allow for gigapixel Whole-Slide Image (WSI) analysis with only slide-level annotations. Interpretability is crucial for safely deploying such algorithms in high-stakes medical domains. Traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Susu Sun , Leslie Tessier , Frédérique Meeuwsen , Clément Grisi , Dominique van Midden , Geert Litjens , Christian F. Baumgartner

The advancement of digital pathology, particularly through computational analysis of whole slide images (WSI), is poised to significantly enhance diagnostic precision and efficiency. However, the large size and complexity of WSIs make it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Ravi Kant Gupta , Dadi Dharani , Shambhavi Shanker , Amit Sethi

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become a preferred method for gigapixel whole slide image (WSI) classification without requiring patch-level annotations. Current MIL research primarily relies on embedding-based approaches, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Bryan Wong , Sungrae Hong , Mun Yong Yi

Digitizing pathological images into gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) has opened new avenues for Computational Pathology (CPath). As positive tissue comprises only a small fraction of gigapixel WSIs, existing Multiple Instance Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wenhao Tang , Sheng Huang , Heng Fang , Fengtao Zhou , Bo Liu , Qingshan Liu