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Trotterization in quantum mechanics is an important theoretical concept in handling the exponential of noncommutative operators. In this communication, we give a mathematical formulation of the Trotter Product Formula, and apply it to basic…
Quantum dynamics can be simulated on a quantum computer by exponentiating elementary terms from the Hamiltonian in a sequential manner. However, such an implementation of Trotter steps has gate complexity depending on the total Hamiltonian…
The effort to generate matrix exponentials and associated differentials, required to determine the time evolution of quantum systems, frequently constrains the evaluation of problems in quantum control theory, variational circuit…
We consider a Trotter-type-product formula for approximating the solution of a linear abstract Cauchy problem (given by a strongly continuous semigroup), where the underlying Banach space is a product of two spaces. In contrast to the…
This paper studies the exponential of the sum of two non-commuting operators as an infinite product of exponential operators involving repeated commutators of increasing order. It will be shown how to determine two coefficients in front of…
Nonequilibrium time evolution of large quantum systems is a strong candidate for quantum advantage. Variational quantum algorithms have been put forward for this task, but their quantum optimization routines suffer from trainability and…
We provide a new approach for compiling quantum simulation circuits that appear in Trotter, qDRIFT and multi-product formulas to Clifford and non-Clifford operations that can reduce the number of non-Clifford operations by a factor of up to…
The well-conditioned multi-product formula (MPF), proposed by [Low, Kliuchnikov, and Wiebe, 2019], is a simple high-order time-independent Hamiltonian simulation algorithm that implements a linear combination of standard product formulas of…
Product formulas are one of the main approaches for quantum simulation of the Hamiltonian dynamics of a quantum system. Their implementation cost is computed based on error bounds which are often pessimistic, resulting in overestimating the…
Quantum simulation is a foundational application for quantum computers, projected to offer insights into complex quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computation. However, with the exception of Trotter-based methods, which suffer…
Trotter decomposition provides a simple approach to simulating open quantum systems by decomposing the Lindbladian into a sum of individual terms. While it is established that Trotter errors in Hamiltonian simulation depend on nested…
Trotterization is a technique that allows one to approximate a time evolution of a Hamiltonian by repeatedly evolving the individual terms of the Hamiltonian one-at-a-time for small time durations. Bounds on the error of this approximation…
A multi-product formula (MPF) is a promising approach for Hamiltonian simulation efficiently both in the system size $N$ and the inverse allowable error $1/\varepsilon$ by combining Trotterization and the linear combination of unitaries…
Hamiltonian simulation, i.e., simulating the real time evolution of a target quantum system, is a natural application of quantum computing. Trotter-Suzuki splitting methods can generate corresponding quantum circuits; however, a faithful…
When a time propagator $e^{\delta t A}$ for duration $\delta t$ consists of two noncommuting parts $A=X+Y$, Trotterization approximately decomposes the propagator into a product of exponentials of $X$ and $Y$. Various Trotterization…
Trotter approximation in conjunction with Quantum Phase Estimation can be used to extract eigen-energies of a many-body Hamiltonian on a quantum computer. There were several ways proposed to assess the quality of this approximation based on…
We show how to construct relevant families of matrix product operators in one and higher dimensions. Those form the building blocks for the numerical simulation methods based on matrix product states and projected entangled pair states. In…
We describe an improved version of the quantum simulation method based on the implementation of a truncated Taylor series of the evolution operator. The idea is to add an extra step to the previously known algorithm which implements an…
One of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computing is the simulation of quantum systems, a classically intractable task. Quantum simulation requires computationally expensive matrix exponentiation; Trotter-Suzuki…
We consider simulating an $n$-qubit Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor interactions evolving for time $t$ on a quantum computer. We show that this simulation has gate complexity $(nt)^{1+o(1)}$ using product formulas, a straightforward…