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Classical mechanics is formulated in complex Hilbert space with the introduction of a commutative product of operators, an antisymmetric bracket, and a quasidensity operator. These are analogues of the star product, the Moyal bracket, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-23 A. J. Bracken

Classical computers can simulate models of quantum computation with restricted input states. The identification of such states can sharpen the boundary between quantum and classical computations. Previous works describe simulable states of…

We introduce a novel tableau-based classical simulation method for quantum computation, formulated within the phase space framework of the extended stabilizer theory of closed non-contextual operators. This method enables the efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Selman Ipek , Atak Talay Yucel , Farzad Shahi , Cagdas Ozdemir , Cihan Okay

We propose examples of a hybrid quantum-classical simulation where a classical computer assisted by a small quantum processor can efficiently simulate a larger quantum system. First we consider sparse quantum circuits such that each qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-06 Sergey Bravyi , Graeme Smith , John Smolin

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that quantum circuits composed solely of Clifford gates can be efficiently simulated classically. This theorem hinges on the fact that Clifford gates map Pauli strings to other Pauli strings, thereby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 George Biswas

Recent work has explored using the stabilizer formalism to classically simulate quantum circuits containing a few non-Clifford gates. The computational cost of such methods is directly related to the notion of stabilizer rank, which for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sergey Bravyi , Dan Browne , Padraic Calpin , Earl Campbell , David Gosset , Mark Howard

The Wigner function plays a central role in QCD as a phase space object encoding correlations among quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, yet its interpretation remains subtle due to its quasiprobabilistic nature and possible negativity. Recent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-07 Chueng-Ryong Ji , Daniel W. Piasecki

The use of quantum information in technology promises to supersede the so-called classical devices used nowadays. Understanding what features are inherently non-classical is crucial for reaching better-than-classical performance. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau

Classical simulation of quantum circuits plays a crucial role in validating quantum hardware and delineating the boundaries of quantum advantage. Among the most effective simulation techniques are those based on the stabilizer extent, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Giulio Camillo , Filipa C. R. Peres , Markus Heinrich , Juani Bermejo-Vega

By encoding a qudit in a harmonic oscillator and investigating the infinite limit, we give an entirely new realization of continuous-variable quantum computation. The generalized Pauli group is generated by number and phase operators for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Barry C. Sanders , Benjamin T. H. Varcoe , Hubert de Guise

We introduce a new classical simulation algorithm based on non-signaling polytopes of multipartite Bell scenarios, capable of simulating universal measurement-based quantum computation with single-qubit Pauli measurements. In our model, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Cihan Okay , Atak Talay Yucel , Selman Ipek

We introduce a numerical method to simulate nonlinear open quantum dynamics of a particle in situations where its state undergoes significant expansion in phase space while generating small quantum features at the phase-space Planck scale.…

The problem of simulatability of quantum processes using classical resources plays a cornerstone role for quantum computing. Quantum circuits can be simulated classically, e.g., using Monte Carlo sampling techniques applied to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Denis A. Kulikov , Vsevolod I. Yashin , Aleksey K. Fedorov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko

Understanding the boundary between classical simulatability and the power of quantum computation is a fascinating topic. Direct simulation of noisy quantum computation requires solving an open quantum many-body system, which is very costly.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Xun Gao , Luming Duan

This article comprises a review of both the quasi-probability representations of infinite-dimensional quantum theory (including the Wigner function) and the more recently defined quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-18 Christopher Ferrie

We propose an efficient scheme for verifying quantum computations in the `high complexity' regime i.e. beyond the remit of classical computers. Previously proposed schemes remarkably provide confidence against arbitrarily malicious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

This paper provides an examination of how are prediction of standard quantum mechanic (QM) affected by introducing a noncommutative (NC) structure into the configuration space of the considered system (electron in the Coulomb potential in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Veronika Gáliková , Samuel Kováčik , Peter Prešnajder

One of the core research questions in the theory of quantum computing is to find out to what precise extent the classical simulation of a noisy quantum circuits is possible and where potential quantum advantages can set in. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Janek Denzler , Jose Carrasco , Jens Eisert , Tommaso Guaita

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are essential for verifying and benchmarking quantum algorithms, particularly for large circuits, where computational demands increase exponentially with the number of qubits. Among available…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Santana Y. Pradata , M 'Anin N. 'Azhiim , Hendry M. Lim , Ahmad R. T. Nugraha