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Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors and institutions, including education and healthcare. Although AI offers immense potential for innovation and problem solving, its integration also raises significant ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-05 William Franz Lamberti

Deploying agentic AI in regulated contexts requires principled reasoning about two design dimensions: agency (what the system can do) and autonomy (how much it acts without human involvement). Though often treated independently, they are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Damir Safin , Dian Balta

Autonomous AI systems generate responsibility gaps: consequential actions that cannot be satisfactorily attributed to developers, operators, or users under existing legal frameworks. The prevailing subject-object dichotomy fails to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Karsten Brensing

Regulating artificial intelligence (AI) has become necessary in light of its deployment in high-risk scenarios. This paper explores the proposal to extend legal personhood to AI and robots, which had not yet been examined through the lens…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Gabriel Lima , Meeyoung Cha , Chihyung Jeon , Kyungsin Park

AI systems are increasingly governed by natural language principles, yet a key challenge arising from reliance on language remains underexplored: interpretive ambiguity. As in legal systems, ambiguity arises both from how these principles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Luxi He , Nimra Nadeem , Michel Liao , Howard Chen , Danqi Chen , Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar , Peter Henderson

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in legal contexts, where their opacity raises significant challenges for fairness, accountability, and trust. The so-called ``black box problem'' undermines the legitimacy of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrada Iulia Prajescu , Roberto Confalonieri

Industry has always been in the pursuit of becoming more economically efficient and the current focus has been to reduce human labour using modern technologies. Even with cutting edge technologies, which range from packaging robots to AI…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Leonardo A. Espinosa Leal , Magnus Westerlund , Anthony Chapman

The paper argues that the material scope of AI regulations should not rely on the term "artificial intelligence (AI)". The argument is developed by proposing a number of requirements for legal definitions, surveying existing AI definitions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Jonas Schuett

Governance efforts for artificial intelligence (AI) are taking on increasingly more concrete forms, drawing on a variety of approaches and instruments from hard regulation to standardisation efforts, aimed at mitigating challenges from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Charlotte Stix

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the regulation thereof is a topic that is increasingly being discussed within various fora. Various proposals have been made in literature for defining regulatory bodies and/or related regulation. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Joshua Ellul , Stephen McCarthy , Trevor Sammut , Juanita Brockdorff , Matthew Scerri , Gordon J. Pace

Advanced AI systems are now being used in AI governance. Practitioners will likely delegate an increasing number of tasks to them as they improve and governance becomes harder. However, using AI for governance risks serious harms because…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nicholas Caputo

Fervent calls for more robust governance of the harms associated with artificial intelligence (AI) are leading to the adoption around the world of what regulatory scholars have called a management-based approach to regulation. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Cary Coglianese , Colton R. Crum

Machine Learning algorithms are technological key enablers for artificial intelligence (AI). Due to the inherent complexity, these learning algorithms represent black boxes and are difficult to comprehend, therefore influencing compliance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-21 NIklas Kuhl , Jodie Lobana , Christian Meske

With many organizations struggling to gain value from AI deployments, pressure to evaluate AI in an informed manner has intensified. Status quo AI evaluation approaches often mask the operational realities that ultimately determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Matthew Holmes , Thiago Lacerda , Reva Schwartz

Rising concern for the societal implications of artificial intelligence systems has inspired a wave of academic and journalistic literature in which deployed systems are audited for harm by investigators from outside the organizations…

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have been strongly driven by the use of game environments for training and evaluating agents. Games are often accessible and versatile, with well-defined state-transitions and goals allowing for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Benjamin Beyret , José Hernández-Orallo , Lucy Cheke , Marta Halina , Murray Shanahan , Matthew Crosby

Organizations of all sizes, across all industries and domains are leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to solve some of their biggest challenges around operations, customer experience, and much more. However, due to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Navdeep Gill , Abhishek Mathur , Marcos V. Conde

Military weapon systems and command-and-control infrastructure augmented by artificial intelligence (AI) have seen rapid development and deployment in recent years. However, the sociotechnical impacts of AI on combat systems, military…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Riley Simmons-Edler , Jean Dong , Paul Lushenko , Kanaka Rajan , Ryan P. Badman

It has become commonplace to assert that autonomous agents will have to be built to follow human rules of behavior--social norms and laws. But human laws and norms are complex and culturally varied systems, in many cases agents will have to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Dylan Hadfield-Menell , McKane Andrus , Gillian K. Hadfield

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems operate in increasingly diverse areas, from healthcare to facial recognition, the stock market, autonomous vehicles, and so on. While the underlying digital infrastructure of AI systems is developing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Benjamin Cedric Larsen