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Class-based language models (LMs) have been long devised to address context sparsity in $n$-gram LMs. In this study, we revisit this approach in the context of neural LMs. We hypothesize that class-based prediction leads to an implicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 He Bai , Tong Wang , Alessandro Sordoni , Peng Shi

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in conversational settings presents unique challenges, including extracting relevant contextual information from previous conversational turns. Due to irrelevant content, error propagation, and redundancy,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Kun Wei , Bei Li , Hang Lv , Quan Lu , Ning Jiang , Lei Xie

It is difficult for an E2E ASR system to recognize words such as entities appearing infrequently in the training data. A widely used method to mitigate this issue is feeding contextual information into the acoustic model. Previous works…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Zhanheng Yang , Sining Sun , Xiong Wang , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

Transfer learning from high-resource languages is known to be an efficient way to improve end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) for low-resource languages. Pre-trained or jointly trained encoder-decoder models, however, do not share…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-12 Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Jiatao Gu

The main motivation for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is efficient interfaces to computers, and for the interfaces to be natural and truly useful, it should provide coverage for a large group of users. The purpose of these tasks is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Urmila Shrawankar , VM Thakare

Accurate recognition of rare and new words remains a pressing problem for contextualized Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. Most context-biasing methods involve modification of the ASR model or the beam-search decoding algorithm,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Andrei Andrusenko , Aleksandr Laptev , Vladimir Bataev , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

In this paper, we propose a self-training approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) for low-resource settings. While self-training approaches have been extensively developed and evaluated for high-resource languages such as English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Satwinder Singh , Feng Hou , Ruili Wang

Leveraging context information is an intuitive idea to improve performance on conversational automatic speech recognition(ASR). Previous works usually adopt recognized hypotheses of historical utterances as preceding context, which may bias…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Kun Wei , Yike Zhang , Sining Sun , Lei Xie , Long Ma

End-2-end (E2E) models have become increasingly popular in some ASR tasks because of their performance and advantages. These E2E models directly approximate the posterior distribution of tokens given the acoustic inputs. Consequently, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Jesús Andrés-Ferrer , Dario Albesano , Puming Zhan , Paul Vozila

Dialog systems, such as voice assistants, are expected to engage with users in complex, evolving conversations. Unfortunately, traditional automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems deployed in such applications are usually trained to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Hitesh Tulsiani , David M. Chan , Shalini Ghosh , Garima Lalwani , Prabhat Pandey , Ankish Bansal , Sri Garimella , Ariya Rastrow , Björn Hoffmeister

Previous studies have confirmed that by augmenting acoustic features with the place/manner of articulatory features, the speech enhancement (SE) process can be guided to consider the broad phonetic properties of the input speech when…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yen-Ju Lu , Chia-Yu Chang , Cheng Yu , Ching-Feng Liu , Jeih-weih Hung , Shinji Watanabe , Yu Tsao

Languages usually switch within a multilingual speech signal, especially in a bilingual society. This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching (CS), making automatic speech recognition (ASR) challenging under a multilingual scenario. We…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Xiangyu Zhang , Andy W. H. Khong , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Audiovisual Automatic Speech Recognition (AV-ASR) aims to improve speech recognition accuracy by leveraging visual signals. It is particularly challenging in unconstrained real-world scenarios across various domains due to noisy acoustic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-30 Yihan Wu , Yichen Lu , Yifan Peng , Xihua Wang , Ruihua Song , Shinji Watanabe

We show the performance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems that use semi-supervised speech representations can be boosted by a complimentary pitch accent detection module, by introducing a joint ASR and pitch accent detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 David Sasu , Natalie Schluter

Recent advances in speech-aware language models have coupled strong acoustic encoders with large language models, enabling systems that move beyond transcription to produce richer outputs. Among these, word-level timestamp prediction is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Xulin Fan , Vishal Sunder , Samuel Thomas , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Brian Kingsbury , George Saon

Modeling the errors of a speech recognizer can help simulate errorful recognized speech data from plain text, which has proven useful for tasks like discriminative language modeling, improving robustness of NLP systems, where limited or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Prashant Serai , Peidong Wang , Eric Fosler-Lussier

Speech accents pose a significant challenge to state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Degradation in performance across underrepresented accents is a severe deterrent to the inclusive adoption of ASR. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Darshan Prabhu , Preethi Jyothi , Sriram Ganapathy , Vinit Unni

The performance of voice-controlled systems is usually influenced by accented speech. To make these systems more robust, the frontend accent recognition (AR) technologies have received increased attention in recent years. As accent is a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-06 Zhan Zhang , Xi Chen , Yuehai Wang , Jianyi Yang

We present a frontend for improving robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR), that jointly implements three modules within a single model: acoustic echo cancellation, speech enhancement, and speech separation. This is achieved by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-22 Tom O'Malley , Arun Narayanan , Quan Wang , Alex Park , James Walker , Nathan Howard

Statistical language models (LM) play a key role in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems used by conversational agents. These ASR systems should provide a high accuracy under a variety of speaking styles, domains, vocabulary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Anirudh Raju , Behnam Hedayatnia , Linda Liu , Ankur Gandhe , Chandra Khatri , Angeliki Metallinou , Anu Venkatesh , Ariya Rastrow