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Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise as interactive agents that solve tasks through extended sequences of environment interactions. While prior work has primarily focused on system-level optimizations or algorithmic improvements,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sunghwan Kim , Junhee Cho , Beong-woo Kwak , Taeyoon Kwon , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xingxing Zhang , Furu Wei , Jinyoung Yeo

Large language model (LLM) agents often rely on long sequences of low-level textual actions, resulting in large effective decision horizons and high inference cost. While prior work has focused on improving inference efficiency through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wenhao Huang , Qingwen Zeng , Qiyue Chen , Zijie Guo , Yu Sun , Cheng Yang , Siru Ouyang , Jiri Gesi , Fang Wu , Jiayi Zhang , Huaming Chen , Bang Liu , Xiangru Tang , Chenglin Wu

Robots are increasingly expected to execute open ended natural language requests in human environments, which demands reliable long horizon execution under partial observability. This is especially challenging for humanoids because…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Peng Ren , Haoyang Ge , Chuan Qi , Cong Huang , Hong Li , Jiang Zhao , Pei Chi , Kai Chen

Successful application of large language models (LLMs) to robotic planning and execution may pave the way to automate numerous real-world tasks. Promising recent research has been conducted showing that the knowledge contained in LLMs can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ateeq Sharfuddin , Travis Breaux

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning abilities and general intelligence in various domains. It inspires researchers to train end-to-end MLLMs or utilize large models to generate policies with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Qi Lv , Hao Li , Xiang Deng , Rui Shao , Michael Yu Wang , Liqiang Nie

Robotic assembly tasks remain an open challenge due to their long horizon nature and complex part relations. Behavior trees (BTs) are increasingly used in robot task planning for their modularity and flexibility, but creating them manually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Jicong Ao , Fan Wu , Yansong Wu , Abdalla Swikir , Sami Haddadin

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to write policy code for controlling robots has gained significant attention. However, in long-horizon implicative tasks, this approach often results in API parameter, comments and sequencing errors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zixi Jia , Hongbin Gao , Fashe Li , Jiqiang Liu , Hexiao Li , Qinghua Liu

We want a multi-robot team to complete complex tasks in minimum time where the locations of task-relevant objects are not known. Effective task completion requires reasoning over long horizons about the likely locations of task-relevant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abhish Khanal , Abhishek Paudel , Hung Pham , Gregory J. Stein

This work addresses the problem of long-horizon task planning with the Large Language Model (LLM) in an open-world household environment. Existing works fail to explicitly track key objects and attributes, leading to erroneous decisions in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Siwei Chen , Anxing Xiao , David Hsu

With recent advancements in natural language processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for various real-world applications. Despite their prowess, the intrinsic generative abilities of LLMs may prove…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jingqing Ruan , Yihong Chen , Bin Zhang , Zhiwei Xu , Tianpeng Bao , Guoqing Du , Shiwei Shi , Hangyu Mao , Ziyue Li , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked a revolution across many research fields. In robotics, the integration of common-sense knowledge from LLMs into task and motion planning has drastically advanced the field by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yuchen Liu , Luigi Palmieri , Sebastian Koch , Ilche Georgievski , Marco Aiello

Combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables agents to interpret language instructions more effectively for task execution. However, LLMs typically lack direct perception of the physical environment, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Pengsen Liu , Maosen Zeng , Nan Tang , Kaiyuan Li , Jing-Cheng Pang , Yunan Liu , Yang Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains. Notably, in the realm of robot task planning, LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension…

Crop monitoring is essential for precision agriculture, but current systems lack high-level reasoning. We introduce a novel, modular framework that uses a Visual Language Model (VLM) to guide robotic task planning, interleaving input…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jose Cuaran , Kendall Koe , Aditya Potnis , Naveen Kumar Uppalapati , Girish Chowdhary

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled instruction-conditioned robotic systems with improved generalization. However, most existing work focuses on reactive System 1 policies, underutilizing VLMs' strengths in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Songhao Han , Boxiang Qiu , Yue Liao , Siyuan Huang , Chen Gao , Shuicheng Yan , Si Liu

Coordinating multi-robot systems (MRS) to search in unknown environments is particularly challenging for tasks that require semantic reasoning beyond geometric exploration. Classical coordination strategies rely on frontier coverage or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ruiyang Wang , Hao-Lun Hsu , Jiwoo Kim , Miroslav Pajic

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into robotics has unlocked unprecedented capabilities in high-level task planning. However, most current systems operate in an open-loop fashion, where LLMs act as one-shot planners, rendering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Anjali R. Menon , Rohit K. Sharma , Priya Singh , Chengyu Wang , Aurora M. Ferreira , Mateja Novak

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Interactive task planning with large language models (LLMs) enables robots to generate high-level action plans from natural language instructions. However, in long-horizon tasks, such approaches often require many questions, increasing user…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kanata Suzuki , Kazuki Hori , Haruka Miyoshi , Shuhei Kurita , Tetsuya Ogata

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to tackle complex tasks, often necessitating collaboration among multiple specialized agents. However, multi-agent collaboration introduces new challenges in planning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tianyang Xu , Dan Zhang , Kushan Mitra , Estevam Hruschka