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Recently, a theoretical framework known as {\it ballistic macroscopic fluctuation theory} has been developed to study large-scale fluctuations and correlations in many-body systems exhibiting ballistic transport. In this paper, we review…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-01 Anupam Kundu

In these lecture notes, the basic principles of stochastic thermodynamics are developed starting with a closed system in contact with a heat bath. A trajectory undergoes Markovian transitions between observable meso-states that correspond…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-06-13 Udo Seifert

The use of linear response theory for forced dissipative stochastic dynamical systems through the fluctuation dissipation theorem is an attractive way to study climate change systematically among other applications. Here, a mathematically…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-02-26 Martin Hairer , Andrew J Majda

We investigate the connection between recent results in quantum thermodynamics and fluctuation relations by adopting a fully quantum mechanical description of thermodynamics. By including a work system whose energy is allowed to fluctuate,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-27 Álvaro M. Alhambra , Lluis Masanes , Jonathan Oppenheim , Christopher Perry

As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Jie Li , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

Periodic driving is used to operate machines that go from standard macroscopic engines to small non-equilibrium micro-sized systems. Two classes of such systems are small heat engines driven by periodic temperature variations and molecular…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-16 Somrita Ray , Andre C. Barato

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation offers a universal energetic constraint on the relative magnitude of current fluctuations in nonequilibrium steady states. However, it has only been derived for long observation times. Here, we prove a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-30 Jordan M. Horowitz , Todd R. Gingrich

Thermal fluctuations are a fundamental feature of dissipative systems that are essential for understanding physics near the expected critical point of QCD and in small systems. When such fluctuations are modeled naively in relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-02 Nicki Mullins , Mauricio Hippert , Jorge Noronha

We formulate a geometric framework in which physical laws emerge from restricted access to microscopic information. Measurement constraints are modeled as a gauge symmetry acting on density operators, inducing a gauge-reduced space of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Tiago Pernambuco , Lucas Chibebe Céleri

The fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems are under intense theoretical and experimental investigation. Topical ``fluctuation relations'' describe symmetries of the statistical properties of certain observables, in a variety of models and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-09-08 Lamberto Rondoni , Carlos Mejia-Monasterio

We introduce a quantum stochastic dynamics for heat conduction. A multi-level subsystem is coupled to reservoirs at different temperatures. Energy quanta are detected in the reservoirs allowing the study of steady state fluctuations of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wojciech De Roeck , Christian Maes

Systems that are driven out of thermal equilibrium typically dissipate random quantities of energy on microscopic scales. Crooks fluctuation theorem relates the distribution of these random work costs with the corresponding distribution for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-13 Johan Aberg

A fluctuation theorem is examined for the first-passage time of a biomolecular machine (e.g., a motor protein or an enzyme) in a nonequilibrium steady-state. For such machines in which the driven, observable process is coupled to a hidden…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 D. Evan Piephoff , Jianshu Cao

We present fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities for generalized thermodynamic observables and quantum dynamics described by completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps, with and without feedback control. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 Tameem Albash , Daniel A. Lidar , Milad Marvian , Paolo Zanardi

Fluctuation theorems play a central role in nonequilibrium physics and stochastic thermodynamics. Here we derive an integral fluctuation theorem for the dissipated heat in systems governed by an underdamped Langevin dynamics. We show that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-02-17 M. L. Rosinberg , G. Tarjus , T. Munakata

Detailed fluctuation theorem, a microscopic version of the steady state fluctuation theorem, has been proposed by Jarzynski and demonstrated in the case of Hamiltonian systems weakly coupled with reservoirs. We show that an identical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-07-20 K. Gururaj , G. Raghavan , M. C. Valsakumar

This paper reports on a macroscopic fluctuation theory developed over the last ten years in collaboration with L. Bertini, A. De Sole, D. Gabrielli and C. Landim. This theory has been inspired by and tested on stochastic models of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 Giovanni Jona-Lasinio

We continue the investigation, started in [J. Stat. Phys. 166, 926-1015 (2017)], of a network of harmonic oscillators driven out of thermal equilibrium by heat reservoirs. We study the statistics of the fluctuations of the heat fluxes…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-08-07 Mondher Damak , Mayssa Hammami , Claude-Alain Pillet

A generalization of fluctuation theorems in stochastic processes is proposed. The new theorem is written in terms of posterior probabilities, which are introduced via the Bayes theorem. In usual fluctuation theorems, a forward path and its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Jun Ohkubo

Stochastic thermodynamics provides the framework to analyze thermodynamic laws and quantities along individual trajectories of small but fully observable systems. If the observable level fails to capture all relevant degrees of freedom,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-01 Julius Degünther , Jann van der Meer , Udo Seifert