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We prove that, paying a polynomial increase in size only, every unrestricted two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) can be complemented by a 1-limited automaton (1-LA), a nondeterministic extension of 2NFAs still characterizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Bruno Guillon , Luca Prigioniero , Javad Taheri

The number of states and stack symbols needed to determinize nondeterministic input-driven pushdown automata (NIDPDA) working over a fixed alphabet is determined precisely. It is proved that in the worst case exactly 2^{n^2} states are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Olga Martynova

The communication matrix for two-way deterministic finite automata (2DFA) with $n$ states is defined for an automaton over a full alphabet of all $(2n+1)^n$ possible symbols: its rows and columns are indexed by strings, and the entry $(u,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Semyon Petrov , Fedor Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

The identification of deterministic finite automata (DFAs) from labeled examples is a cornerstone of automata learning, yet traditional methods focus on learning monolithic DFAs, which often yield a large DFA lacking simplicity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junjie Meng , Jie An , Yong Li , Andrea Turrini , Fanjiang Xu , Naijun Zhan , Miaomiao Zhang

An acyclic deterministic finite automaton (ADFA) is a data structure that represents a set of strings (i.e., a dictionary) and facilitates a pattern searching problem of determining whether a given pattern string is present in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Hiroki Shibata , Masakazu Ishihata , Shunsuke Inenaga

The concept of Deterministic Finite Cover Automata (DFCA) was introduced at WIA '98, as a more compact representation than Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for finite languages. In some cases representing a finite language,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Cezar Câmpeanu

Grammatical inference consists in learning a formal grammar as a finite state machine or as a set of rewrite rules. In this paper, we are concerned with inferring Nondeterministic Finite Automata (NFA) that must accept some words, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Tomasz Jastrzab , Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy

The ambiguity of a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) N for input size n is the maximal number of accepting computations of N for an input of size n. For all k, r 2 N we construct languages Lr,k which can be recognized by NFA's with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-02 Juraj Hromkovic , Georg Schnitger

Grammatical inference is concerned with the study of algorithms for learning automata and grammars from words. We focus on learning Nondeterministic Finite Automaton of size k from samples of words. To this end, we formulate the problem as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy

In this work, we propose an abstraction and refinement methodology for the controller synthesis of discrete-time stochastic systems to enforce complex logical properties expressed by deterministic finite automata (a.k.a. DFA). Our proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Bingzhuo Zhong , Abolfazl Lavaei , Majid Zamani , Marco Caccamo

We study extremal and algorithmic questions of subset and careful synchronization in monotonic automata. We show that several synchronization problems that are hard in general automata can be solved in polynomial time in monotonic automata,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Andrew Ryzhikov , Anton Shemyakov

In this paper we establish an abstraction of on-the-fly determinization of finite-state automata using transition monoids and demonstrate how it can be applied to bound the asymptotics. We present algebraic and combinatorial properties that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Ivan Baburin , Ryan Cotterell

It is well known that computing a minimum DFA consistent with a given set of positive and negative examples is NP-hard. Previous work has identified conditions on the input sample under which the problem becomes tractable or remains hard.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Radu Cosmin Dumitru , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

Algorithms for (nondeterministic) finite-state tree automata (FTAs) are often tested on random FTAs, in which all internal transitions are equiprobable. The run-time results obtained in this manner are usually overly optimistic as most such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Thomas Hanneforth , Andreas Maletti , Daniel Quernheim

Partially ordered automata are automata where the transition relation induces a partial order on states. The expressive power of partially ordered automata is closely related to the expressivity of fragments of first-order logic on finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tomáš Masopust , Markus Krötzsch

We present a formal and constructive theory showing that probabilistic finite automata (PFAs) can be exactly simulated using symbolic feedforward neural networks. Our architecture represents state distributions as vectors and transitions as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

A quantum finite-state automaton (QFA) is a theoretical model designed to simulate the evolution of a quantum system with finite memory in response to sequential input strings. We define the language of a QFA as the set of strings that lead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 SeungYeop Baik , Sicheol Sung , Yo-Sub Han

We revisit the popular \emph{delayed deterministic finite automaton} (\ddfa{}) compression algorithm introduced by Kumar~et~al.~[SIGCOMM 2006] for compressing deterministic finite automata (DFAs) used in intrusion detection systems. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Max Rishøj Pedersen

Generalized finite automata (GFAs), probabilistic finite automata (PFAs), and one-way general quantum finite automata (1gQFA) recognize the same strict-cutpoint languages, but the state complexity of exact probabilistic simulation has…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zeyu Chen , Junde Wu

The question if a deterministic finite automaton admits a software reset in the form of a so-called synchronizing word can be answered in polynomial time. In this paper, we extend this algorithmic question to deterministic automata beyond…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Henning Fernau , Petra Wolf , Tomoyuki Yamakami