Related papers: Noncontextuality inequalities for prepare-transfor…

Large language models (LLMs) are able to solve various tasks with only a few demonstrations utilizing their in-context learning (ICL) abilities. However, LLMs often rely on their pre-trained semantic priors of demonstrations rather than on…

The presence of contextuality in quantum theory was first highlighted by Bell, Kochen and Specker, who discovered that for quantum systems of three or more dimensions, measurements cannot be viewed as revealing pre-existing properties of…

This paper considers the design of robust state observers for a class of slope-restricted nonlinear descriptor systems with unknown time-varying parameters belonging to a known set. The proposed design accounts for process disturbances and…

In this work we present a hierarchy of generalized contextuality. It refines the traditional binary distinction between contextual and noncontextual theories, and facilitates their comparison based on how contextual they are. Our approach…

When it isn't possible to tell two distinct experimental procedures apart purely from their input/output statistics, then it seems a plausible hypothesis that the two procedures must be physically identical. We call such a hypothesis…

For the formal verification and design of control systems, abstractions with quantified accuracy are crucial. This is especially the case when considering accurate deviation bounds between a stochastic continuous-state model and its finite…

When working with textual data, a natural application of disentangled representations is fair classification where the goal is to make predictions without being biased (or influenced) by sensitive attributes that may be present in the data…

Finding quantitative aspects of quantum phenomena which cannot be explained by any classical model has foundational importance for understanding the boundary between classical and quantum theory. It also has practical significance for…

We provide a generic algorithm for constructing formulae that distinguish behaviourally inequivalent states in systems of various transition types such as nondeterministic, probabilistic or weighted; genericity over the transition type is…

Two notions of nonclassicality that have been investigated intensively are: (i) negativity, that is, the need to posit negative values when representing quantum states by quasiprobability distributions such as the Wigner representation, and…

This paper considers the problem of testing whether there exists a non-negative solution to a possibly under-determined system of linear equations with known coefficients. This hypothesis testing problem arises naturally in a number of…

Program equivalence in linear contexts, where programs are used or executed exactly once, is an important issue in programming languages. However, existing techniques like those based on bisimulations and logical relations only target at…

We show, under natural assumptions for qubit systems, that measurement-based quantum computations (MBQCs) which compute a non-linear Boolean function with high probability are contextual. The class of contextual MBQCs includes an example…

In this work we analyse the notion of measurement non-contextuality (MNC) and identify contextual scenarios which involve sequential measurements of only a single measurement device. We show that any non-contextual ontological model fails…

Uniform and smooth data collection is often infeasible in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose an identification framework to effectively handle the so-called non-uniform observations, i.e., data scenarios that include missing…

Contextual Markov decision processes (CMDPs) describe a class of reinforcement learning problems in which the transition kernels and reward functions can change over time with different MDPs indexed by a context variable. While CMDPs serve…

The notion of (non)contextuality pertains to sets of properties measured one subset (context) at a time. We extend this notion to include so-called inconsistently connected systems, in which the measurements of a given property in different…

It is well known that measurements performed on spatially separated entangled quantum systems can give rise to correlations that are non-local, in the sense that a Bell inequality is violated. They cannot, however, be used for super-luminal…

We study a linear contextual optimization problem where a decision maker has access to historical data and contextual features to learn a cost prediction model aimed at minimizing decision error. We adopt the predict-then-optimize framework…

When data contains measurement errors, it is necessary to make assumptions relating the observed, erroneous data to the unobserved true phenomena of interest. These assumptions should be justifiable on substantive grounds, but are often…