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Generative models have demonstrated significant success in anomaly detection and segmentation over the past decade. Recently, diffusion models have emerged as a powerful alternative, outperforming previous approaches such as GANs and VAEs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Mehrdad Moradi , Marco Grasso , Bianca Maria Colosimo , Kamran Paynabar

Anomaly detection is to recognize samples that differ in some respect from the training observations. These samples which do not conform to the distribution of normal data are called outliers or anomalies. In real-world anomaly detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Yalda Mohsenzadeh

Known for their impressive performance in generative modeling, diffusion models are attractive candidates for density-based anomaly detection. This paper investigates different variations of diffusion modeling for unsupervised and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Victor Livernoche , Vineet Jain , Yashar Hezaveh , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Anomaly Detection (AD), as a critical problem, has been widely discussed. In this paper, we specialize in one specific problem, Visual Defect Detection (VDD), in many industrial applications. And in practice, defect image samples are very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yapeng Teng , Haoyang Li , Fuzhen Cai , Ming Shao , Siyu Xia

In recent years, some researchers have applied diffusion models to multivariate time series anomaly detection. The partial diffusion strategy, which depends on the diffusion steps, is commonly used for anomaly detection in these models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Guangqiang Wu , Fu Zhang

Visual defect assessment is a form of anomaly detection. This is very relevant in finding faults such as cracks and markings in various surface inspection tasks like pavement and automotive parts. The task involves detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Manpreet Singh Minhas , John Zelek

Most advanced unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) methods rely on modeling feature representations of frozen encoder networks pre-trained on large-scale datasets, e.g. ImageNet. However, the features extracted from the encoders that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jia Guo , Shuai Lu , Lize Jia , Weihang Zhang , Huiqi Li

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) techniques aim to identify and localize anomalies without relying on annotations, only leveraging a model trained on a dataset known to be free of anomalies. Diffusion models learn to modify inputs $x$…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Sergio Naval Marimont , Matthew Baugh , Vasilis Siomos , Christos Tzelepis , Bernhard Kainz , Giacomo Tarroni

Anomaly detection has a wide range of applications and is especially important in industrial quality inspection. Currently, many top-performing anomaly-detection models rely on feature-embedding methods. However, these methods do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Shiqi Deng , Zhiyu Sun , Ruiyan Zhuang , Jun Gong

Anomaly detectors address the difficult problem of detecting automatically exceptions in an arbitrary background image. Detection methods have been proposed by the thousands because each problem requires a different background model. By…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Axel Davy , Thibaud Ehret , Jean-Michel Morel , Mauricio Delbracio

In order to navigate safely and reliably in off-road and unstructured environments, robots must detect anomalies that are out-of-distribution (OOD) with respect to the training data. We present an analysis-by-synthesis approach for…

Diffusion models have established new state of the art in a multitude of computer vision tasks, including image restoration. Diffusion-based inverse problem solvers generate reconstructions of exceptional visual quality from heavily…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Zalan Fabian , Berk Tinaz , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Anomalies can be defined as any non-random structure which deviates from normality. Anomaly detection methods reported in the literature are numerous and diverse, as what is considered anomalous usually varies depending on particular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Matias Tailanian , Pablo Musé , Álvaro Pardo

Anomaly detection consists in identifying, within a dataset, those samples that significantly differ from the majority of the data, representing the normal class. It has many practical applications, e.g. ranging from defective product…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Pankaj Mishra , Claudio Piciarelli , Gian Luca Foresti

The detection and the quantification of anomalies in image data are critical tasks in industrial scenes such as detecting micro scratches on product. In recent years, due to the difficulty of defining anomalies and the limit of correcting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Masanari Kimura , Takashi Yanagihara

The application of supervised models to clinical screening tasks is challenging due to the need for annotated data for each considered pathology. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) is an alternative approach that aims to identify any…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-24 Finn Behrendt , Debayan Bhattacharya , Robin Mieling , Lennart Maack , Julia Krüger , Roland Opfer , Alexander Schlaefer

This paper presents a novel approach for denoising Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) patterns using diffusion models. We propose a two-stage training process with a UNet-based architecture, incorporating an auxiliary regression head…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Nikolay Falaleev , Nikolai Orlov

Anomaly detection in complex, high-dimensional data, such as UAV sensor readings, is essential for operational safety but challenging for existing methods due to their limited sensitivity, scalability, and inability to capture intricate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mingze Gong , Juan Du , Jianbang You

The high performance of denoising diffusion models for image generation has paved the way for their application in unsupervised medical anomaly detection. As diffusion-based methods require a lot of GPU memory and have long sampling times,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Julia Wolleb , Florentin Bieder , Paul Friedrich , Peter Zhang , Alicia Durrer , Philippe C. Cattin

Anomalies can be defined as any non-random structure which deviates from normality. Anomaly detection methods reported in the literature are numerous and diverse, as what is considered anomalous usually varies depending on particular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Matías Tailanian , Pablo Musé , Álvaro Pardo