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Scaling language models to handle longer contexts introduces substantial memory challenges due to the growing cost of key-value (KV) caches. Motivated by the efficiency gains of hybrid models and the broad availability of pretrained large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Fengzhuo Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Wei Gao , Min Lin

Conventional matrix completion methods approximate the missing values by assuming the matrix to be low-rank, which leads to a linear approximation of missing values. It has been shown that enhanced performance could be attained by using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Sajad Faramarzi , Farzan Haddadi , Sajjad Amini , Masoud Ahookhosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottlenecks in computational efficiency and cross-architecture transferability. Whenever a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yu-Che Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Yuan-Hao Chen , Yu-Han Chang , Ching-Yu Tsai , Yu-Hsiang Chuang , Shou-De Lin

Weight decay is a widely used technique for training Deep Neural Networks(DNN). It greatly affects generalization performance but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent works show that for layers followed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Yucong Zhou , Yunxiao Sun , Zhao Zhong

Protecting the intellectual property of large language models (LLMs) is crucial, given the substantial resources required for their training. Consequently, there is an urgent need for both model owners and third parties to determine whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Boyi Zeng , Lin Chen , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Normalization techniques have become a basic component in modern convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). In particular, many recent works demonstrate that promoting the orthogonality of the weights helps train deep models and improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Sheng Liu , Xiao Li , Yuexiang Zhai , Chong You , Zhihui Zhu , Carlos Fernandez-Granda , Qing Qu

Transformers are mostly relying on softmax attention, which introduces quadratic complexity with respect to sequence length and remains a major bottleneck for efficient inference. Prior work on linear or hybrid attention typically replaces…

The stateless architecture of Large Language Models inherently lacks the mechanism to preserve dynamic context, compelling agents to redundantly reprocess history to maintain long-horizon autonomy. While latent memory offers a solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yubo Hou , Zhisheng Chen , Tao Wan , Zengchang Qin

We propose the use of a Transformer to accurately predict normals from point clouds with noise and density variations. Previous learning-based methods utilize PointNet variants to explicitly extract multi-scale features at different input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Barry Shichen Hu , Siyun Liang , Johannes Paetzold , Huy H. Nguyen , Isao Echizen , Jiapeng Tang

Transformers have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing and computer vision applications. However, the representation capacity of a deep transformer model is degraded due to the over-smoothing issue in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Tam Nguyen , Tan M. Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk

Implementation of quantized neural networks on computing hardware leads to considerable speed up and memory saving. However, quantized deep networks are difficult to train and batch~normalization (BatchNorm) layer plays an important role in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Eyyüb Sari , Vahid Partovi Nia

We explore Multi-Head FFN (MH-FFN) as a replacement of FFN in the Transformer architecture, motivated by the structural similarity between single-head attention and FFN. While multi-head mechanisms enhance expressivity in attention, naively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Minshen Zhang , Xiang Hu , Jianguo Li , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) offers simplified training but suffers from residual magnitude decay in multi-stage settings, where subsequent stages receive exponentially weaker signals. We propose Robust Residual Finite Scalar…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Xiaoxu Zhu , Xiaojie Yu , Guangchao Yao , Yiming Ren , Baoxiang Li

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is increasingly popular for hardware design using C/C++ instead of Register-Transfer Level (RTL). To express concurrent hardware behavior in a sequential language like C/C++, HLS tools introduce constructs such as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Rishov Sarkar , Cong Hao

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

The rapid increase in the size of large language models (LLMs) has significantly escalated their computational and memory demands, posing challenges for efficient deployment, especially on resource-constrained devices. Structured pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Hanyu Hu , Pengxiang Zhao , Ping Li , Yi Zheng , Zhefeng Wang , Xiaoming Yuan

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are popular around the world due to their powerful understanding capabilities. As the core component of LLMs, accelerating Transformer through parallelization has gradually become a hot research topic. Mask…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Dai , Haodong Deng , Mengfei Rong , Xinyu Yang , Hongyu Liu , Fangxin Liu , Hailong Yang , Qianwen Cao , Qingxiao Sun

Recent research has demonstrated that Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs) in Large Language Models (LLMs) play a pivotal role in storing diverse linguistic and factual knowledge. Conventional methods frequently face challenges due to knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhongyu Zhao , Menghang Dong , Rongyu Zhang , Wenzhao Zheng , Yunpeng Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Dalong Du , Kurt Keutzer , Shanghang Zhang

Scaling Transformers typically necessitates training larger models from scratch, as standard architectures struggle to expand without discarding learned representations. We identify the primary bottleneck in the attention mechanism's linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Weijie Zhao , Mingquan Liu , Bolun Wang , Simo Wu , Nuobei Xie , Rui-Jie Zhu , Peng Zhou