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Artificial intelligence is increasingly described as a candidate next generation general purpose technology (GPT). However, existing interpretations predominantly emphasize performance scaling rather than structural transformation. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Hidir Selcuk Nogay

OpenAI's multimodal GPT-4o has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in image generation and editing, yet its ability to achieve world knowledge-informed semantic synthesis--seamlessly integrating domain knowledge, contextual reasoning, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Ning Li , Jingran Zhang , Justin Cui

The emergence of conversational natural language processing models presents a significant challenge for Higher Education. In this work, we use the entirety of a UK physics undergraduate (BSc with Honours) degree including all examinations…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-12-03 Kevin A. Pimbblet , Lesley J. Morrell

The recent breakthroughs in OpenAI's GPT4o model have demonstrated surprisingly good capabilities in image generation and editing, resulting in significant excitement in the community. This technical report presents the first-look…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zhiyuan Yan , Junyan Ye , Weijia Li , Zilong Huang , Shenghai Yuan , Xiangyang He , Kaiqing Lin , Jun He , Conghui He , Li Yuan

This study explores how college students interact with generative AI (ChatGPT-4) during educational quizzes, focusing on reliance and predictors of AI adoption. Conducted at the early stages of ChatGPT implementation, when students had…

As a pivotal extension of the renowned ChatGPT, the GPT Store serves as a dynamic marketplace for various Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, shaping the frontier of conversational AI. This paper presents an in-depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Dongxun Su , Yanjie Zhao , Xinyi Hou , Shenao Wang , Haoyu Wang

The capability of GenAI-based chatbots, such as ChatGPT and Gemini, has expanded quickly in recent years, turning them into GenAI Chatbot Ecosystems. Yet, users' understanding of how such ecosystems work remains unknown. In this paper, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Xingyi Wang , Xiaozheng Wang , Sunyup Park , Yaxing Yao

Smart contracts, as a key component of blockchain technology, play a crucial role in ensuring the automation of transactions and adherence to protocol rules. However, smart contracts are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, which, if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuying Du , Xueyan Tang

ChatGPT has gained a huge popularity since its introduction. Its positive aspects have been reported through many media platforms, and some analyses even showed that ChatGPT achieved a decent grade in professional exams, adding extra…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Myeongjun Erik Jang , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Although AI has significant potential to transform society, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions responsibly. Many ethical regulations, principles, and guidelines for responsible AI have been issued…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle

In popular media, there is often a connection drawn between the advent of awareness in artificial agents and those same agents simultaneously achieving human or superhuman level intelligence. In this work, we explore the validity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Arthur Juliani , Kai Arulkumaran , Shuntaro Sasai , Ryota Kanai

OpenAI released version GPT-4 on March 14, 2023, following the success of ChatGPT, which was announced in November 2022. In addition to the existing GPT-3 features, GPT-4 can interpret images. To achieve this, the processing power and model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Omer Aydin , Enis Karaarslan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled general-purpose systems to perform increasingly complex domain-specific reasoning without extensive fine-tuning. In the medical domain, decision-making often requires integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shansong Wang , Mingzhe Hu , Qiang Li , Mojtaba Safari , Xiaofeng Yang

We assess whether AI systems can credibly evaluate investment risk appetite-a task that must be thoroughly validated before automation. Our analysis was conducted on proprietary systems (GPT, Claude, Gemini) and open-weight models (LLaMA,…

This paper explores the image synthesis capabilities of GPT-4, a leading multi-modal large language model. We establish a benchmark for evaluating the fidelity of texture features in images generated by GPT-4, comprising manually painted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Wentao Wang , Xuanyao Huang , Tianyang Wang , Swalpa Kumar Roy

In the last year or so and going back many decades there has been extensive claims by major computational scientists, engineers, and others that AGI, artificial general intelligence, is five or ten years away, but without a scintilla of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jay Seitz

Artificial intelligence has advanced rapidly across perception, language, reasoning, and multimodal domains. Yet despite these achievements, modern AI systems remain fundamentally limited in their ability to self-monitor, self-correct, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz , Sindhuja Penchala , Shahram Rahimi

Governing artificial intelligence (AI) inventions is a major policy concern, yet definitions and measurement remain contested. We compare four patent-based approaches reflecting distinct understandings of AI. Using US patents (1990-2019),…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-16 Kerstin Hötte , Taheya Tarannum , Vilhelm Verendel , Lauren Bennett

We explore the abstract reasoning abilities of text-only and multimodal versions of GPT-4, using the ConceptARC benchmark [10], which is designed to evaluate robust understanding and reasoning with core-knowledge concepts. We extend the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Melanie Mitchell , Alessandro B. Palmarini , Arseny Moskvichev

The present paper looks at one of the most thorough articles on the intelligence of GPT, research conducted by engineers at Microsoft. Although there is a great deal of value in their work, I will argue that, for familiar philosophical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Alex Grzankowski
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