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Edge computing allows for the decentralization of computing resources. This decentralization is achieved through implementing microservice architectures, which require low latencies to meet stringent service level agreements (SLA) such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Suhrid Gupta , Muhammed Tawfiqul Islam , Rajkumar Buyya

Deploying a large language model (LLM) inference service remains costly because centralized serving depends on specialized GPU clusters and high-bandwidth interconnects in datacenters. An appealing alternative is to leverage collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chris Tong , Youhe Jiang , Gufeng Chen , Tianyi Zhao , Sibian Lu , Wenjie Qu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Binhang Yuan

Modern deployment of large language models (LLMs) frequently involves both inference serving and continuous retraining to stay aligned with evolving data and user feedback. Common practices separate these workloads onto distinct servers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yufei Li , Zexin Li , Yinglun Zhu , Cong Liu

Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in machine learning inferences on serverless computing for its auto-scaling and cost effective properties. Existing serverless computing, however, lacks effective job scheduling methods to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Xinning Hui , Yuanchao Xu , Zhishan Guo , Xipeng Shen

In this paper, we propose DEEPSERVE, a scalable and serverless AI platform designed to efficiently serve large language models (LLMs) at scale in cloud environments. DEEPSERVE addresses key challenges such as resource allocation, serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Junhao Hu , Jiang Xu , Zhixia Liu , Yulong He , Yuetao Chen , Hao Xu , Jiang Liu , Jie Meng , Baoquan Zhang , Shining Wan , Gengyuan Dan , Zhiyu Dong , Zhihao Ren , Changhong Liu , Tao Xie , Dayun Lin , Qin Zhang , Yue Yu , Hao Feng , Xusheng Chen , Yizhou Shan

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created significant challenges for efficient inference at scale. Unlike traditional workloads, LLM inference is constrained by both computation and the memory overhead of key-value (KV)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chengyi Nie , Nian Si , Zijie Zhou

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to handle massive concurrent traffic, optimizing the infrastructure required for inference has become a primary challenge. To manage the high cost of GPU resources while ensuring strict service-level…

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable at small parameter scales. At the same time, conventional cloud-centric deployment introduces challenges around data privacy, latency, and cost that are acute in operational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Harri Renney , Fouad Trad , Michael Mattarock , Zena Wood

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

Deploying big-data Machine Learning (ML) services in a cloud environment presents a challenge to the cloud vendor with respect to the cloud container configuration sizing for any given customer use case. OracleLabs has developed an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Guang Chao Wang , Kenny Gross , Akshay Subramaniam

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is rapidly becoming a core datacenter service, yet current serving stacks keep the host CPU on the critical path for orchestration and token-level control. This makes LLM performance sensitive to CPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mohammad Siavashi , Mariano Scazzariello , Gerald Q. Maguire , Dejan Kostić , Marco Chiesa

LLM inference must meet strict latency SLOs (e.g., 100 ms P99 time-between-tokens) while maximizing goodput. Yet, real-world variability in prompt and response lengths skews compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases, making…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chaoyi Ruan , Yinhe Chen , Dongqi Tian , Yandong Shi , Yongji Wu , Jialin Li , Cheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

The context window of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly increasing, leading to a huge variance in resource usage between different requests as well as between different phases of the same request. Restricted by static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bingyang Wu , Shengyu Liu , Yinmin Zhong , Peng Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

We introduce xLLM, an intelligent and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference framework designed for high-performance, large-scale enterprise-grade serving, with deep optimizations for diverse AI accelerators. To address these…

The recent advances in LLMs bring a strong demand for efficient system support to improve overall serving efficiency. As LLM inference scales towards multiple GPUs and even multiple compute nodes, various coordination patterns, such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hongyi Jin , Ruihang Lai , Charlie F. Ruan , Yingcheng Wang , Todd C. Mowry , Xupeng Miao , Zhihao Jia , Tianqi Chen

The increasing demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) across various applications has led to a significant shift in the design of deep learning serving systems. Deploying LLMs, particularly in multi-tenant environments, poses substantial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Bodun Hu , Jiamin Li , Le Xu , Myungjin Lee , Akshay Jajoo , Geon-Woo Kim , Hong Xu , Aditya Akella

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models promise efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a small subset of experts per token, but their parallelized inference pipelines make elastic serving challenging. Existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Gursimran Singh , Timothy Yu , Haley Li , Cheng Chen , Hanieh Sadri , Qintao Zhang , Yu Zhang , Ying Xiong , Yong Zhang , Zhenan Fan