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Natural Language-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) enables the agents to follow human instructions. Previous approaches generally implemented language-conditioned RL by providing human instructions in natural language (NL) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jing-Cheng Pang , Xin-Yu Yang , Si-Hang Yang , Yang Yu

Assistive agents should not only take actions on behalf of a human, but also step out of the way and cede control when there are important decisions to be made. However, current methods for building assistive agents, whether via mimicking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Evan Ellis , Vivek Myers , Jens Tuyls , Sergey Levine , Anca Dragan , Benjamin Eysenbach

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) agents accomplish given tasks while adhering to specific constraints. Employing constraints expressed via easily-understandable human language offers considerable potential for real-world applications due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Xingzhou Lou , Junge Zhang , Ziyan Wang , Kaiqi Huang , Yali Du

To cooperate with humans effectively, virtual agents need to be able to understand and execute language instructions. A typical setup to achieve this is with a scripted teacher which guides a virtual agent using language instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Mathijs Mul , Diane Bouchacourt , Elia Bruni

Reinforcement learning (RL) trains agents to accomplish complex tasks through environmental interaction data, but its capacity is also limited by the scope of the available data. To obtain a knowledgeable agent, a promising approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jing-Cheng Pang , Si-Hang Yang , Kaiyuan Li , Jiaji Zhang , Xiong-Hui Chen , Nan Tang , Yang Yu

Embodied agents tasked with complex scenarios, whether in real or simulated environments, rely heavily on robust planning capabilities. When instructions are formulated in natural language, large language models (LLMs) equipped with…

Learning policies for complex tasks that require multiple different skills is a major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). It is also a requirement for its deployment in real-world scenarios. This paper proposes a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Tianmin Shu , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Embodied instruction following is a challenging problem requiring an agent to infer a sequence of primitive actions to achieve a goal environment state from complex language and visual inputs. Action Learning From Realistic Environments and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Shane Storks , Qiaozi Gao , Govind Thattai , Gokhan Tur

This study explores the capabilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) in handling challenging multistep tasks that integrate language and vision, focusing on model steerability, composability, and the application of long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 David Noever , Samantha Elizabeth Miller Noever

The adoption of pre-trained language models to generate action plans for embodied agents is a promising research strategy. However, execution of instructions in real or simulated environments requires verification of the feasibility of…

The emerging vision-and-language navigation (VLN) problem aims at learning to navigate an agent to the target location in unseen photo-realistic environments according to the given language instruction. The main challenges of VLN arise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Weixia Zhang , Chao Ma , Qi Wu , Xiaokang Yang

Existing LLM agent systems typically select actions from a fixed and predefined set at every step. While this approach is effective in closed, narrowly scoped environments, it presents two major challenges for real-world, open-ended…

Current interactive systems with natural language interfaces lack the ability to understand a complex information-seeking request which expresses several implicit constraints at once, and there is no prior information about user preferences…

Text-based reinforcement learning involves an agent interacting with a fictional environment using observed text and admissible actions in natural language to complete a task. Previous works have shown that agents can succeed in text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Mauricio Gruppi , Soham Dan , Keerthiram Murugesan , Subhajit Chaudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) serve not only as chatbots but as key components in agent systems, where their common-sense knowledge significantly impacts performance as language-based planners for situated or embodied action. We assess LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jonathan Jordan , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated advanced capabilities in real-world agentic applications. Growing research efforts aim to develop LLM-based agents to address practical demands, introducing a new challenge: agentic scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yunjia Qi , Hao Peng , Xiaozhi Wang , Amy Xin , Youfeng Liu , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a key method for training multi-robot systems. Through rewarding or punishing robots over a series of episodes according to their performance, they can be trained and then deployed in the real world.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Toby Godfrey , William Hunt , Mohammad D. Soorati

Employing large language models (LLMs) to enable embodied agents has become popular, yet it presents several limitations in practice. In this work, rather than using LLMs directly as agents, we explore their use as tools for embodied agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Yujeong Lee , Sangwoo Shin , Wei-Jin Park , Honguk Woo

We present the IGLU Gridworld: a reinforcement learning environment for building and evaluating language conditioned embodied agents in a scalable way. The environment features visual agent embodiment, interactive learning through…

Whereas machine learning models typically learn language by directly training on language tasks (e.g., next-word prediction), language emerges in human children as a byproduct of solving non-language tasks (e.g., acquiring food). Motivated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Evan Zheran Liu , Sahaana Suri , Tong Mu , Allan Zhou , Chelsea Finn