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The primary task of a quantum repeater network is to deliver entanglement among end nodes. Most of existing entanglement distribution protocols do not consider purification, which is thus delegated to an upper layer. This is a major…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Leonardo Bacciottini , Luciano Lenzini , Enzo Mingozzi , Giuseppe Anastasi

Quantum entanglement is the key to quantum communications over considerable distances. The first step for entanglement distribution among quantum communication nodes is to generate link-level Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Karim Elsayed , Wasiur R. KhudaBukhsh , Amr Rizk

We study the limits of bipartite entanglement distribution using a chain of quantum repeaters that have quantum memories. To generate end-to-end entanglement, each node can attempt the generation of an entangled link with a neighbor, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Gayane Vardoyan , Lara Scavuzzo , Stephanie Wehner

In quantum networks multipath entanglement purification (MEP) between a pair of source-destination nodes can substantially strengthen their entanglement connection. An efficient MEP strategy can therefore increase the size of the network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Md Sohel Mondal , Siddhartha Santra

Entanglement buffers are systems that maintain high-quality entanglement, ensuring it is readily available for consumption when needed. In this work, we study the performance of a two-node buffer, where each node has one long-lived quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Bethany Davies , Sounak Kar , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum data-center networks must distribute entanglement between QPUs over paths whose length grows with system scale, but each entanglement-swapping step reduces the quality of the raw end-to-end state. Topology, multiplexing, and…

The field of quantum communications promises the faithful distribution of quantum information, quantum entanglement, and absolutely secret keys, however, the highest rates of these tasks are fundamentally limited by the transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Matthew S. Winnel , Joshua J. Guanzon , Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Timothy C. Ralph

It is known that entanglement swapping can be used to realize entanglement purifying. By this way, two particles belong to different non-maximally entangled pairs can be projected probabilisticly to a maximally entangled state or to a less…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Bao-Sen Shi , Yun-Kun Jiang , Guang-Can Guo

Long-distance quantum communication in quantum networks faces significant challenges due to the constraints imposed by the no-cloning theorem. Most existing quantum communication protocols rely on the a priori distribution of entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Ranjani G Sundaram , Himanshu Gupta

Noise and photon loss encountered on quantum channels pose a major challenge for reliable entanglement generation in quantum networks. In near-term networks, heralding is required to inform endpoints of successfully generated entanglement.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Mohammad Mobayenjarihani , Gayane Vardoyan , Don Towsley

This paper considers the problem of finding an optimal order for entanglement swapping in a heterogeneous path of quantum repeaters so as to maximize the path throughput defined as the delivery rate of end-to-end entanglements. The primary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Van Sy Mai , Abderrahim Amlou , Amar Abane , Abdella Battou

Quantum networks are expected to enhance distributed quantum computing and quantum communication over long distances while providing security dependent upon physical effects rather than mathematical assumptions. Through simulation, we show…

Entanglement purification protocols, designed to improve the fidelity of Bell states over quantum networks for inter-node communications, have attracted significant attention over the last few decades. These protocols have great potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Yue Shi , Chenxu Liu , Samuel Stein , Meng Wang , Muqing Zheng , Ang Li

Many quantum-network applications require end-to-end Bell pairs whose fidelity exceeds a request-specific threshold, but existing entanglement routing algorithms either optimize only throughput without regard for fidelity or enforce…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Anthony Gatti , Anoosha Fayyaz , Prashant Krishnamurthy , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Amy Babay

We investigate efficient entanglement purification through double selection process. This method works with higher noise thresholds for the communication channels and local operations, and achieves higher fidelity of purified states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto

Entanglement purification allows the creation of qubit pairs of arbitrarily high fidelity with respect to a maximally entangled state, starting from a larger number of low-fidelity pairs. Purification requires quantum memory, a role for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Adrian Auer , Guido Burkard

Quantum networks hold the potential to revolutionize a variety of fields by surpassing the capabilities of their classical counterparts. Many of these applications necessitate the sharing of high-fidelity entangled pairs among communicating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Pankaj Kumar , Binayak Kar , Shan-Hsiang Shen

Sharing entanglement across quantum interconnects is fundamental for quantum information processing. We discuss a practical setting where this interconnect, modeled by a quantum channel, is used once with the aim of sharing high fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Vikesh Siddhu , John Smolin

This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

We study entanglement percolation in qubit-based planar quantum network models of arbitrary topology, where neighboring nodes are initially connected by pure states with quenched disorder in their entanglement. To address this, we develop a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Andrea De Girolamo , Giuseppe Magnifico , Cosmo Lupo