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Autonomous agents that execute human tasks by controlling computers can enhance human productivity and application accessibility. However, progress in this field will be driven by realistic and reproducible benchmarks. We present…

Automation systems that can autonomously drive application user interfaces to complete user tasks are of great benefit, especially when users are situationally or permanently impaired. Prior automation systems do not produce generalizable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Wei Li , Fu-Lin Hsu , Will Bishop , Folawiyo Campbell-Ajala , Max Lin , Oriana Riva

We present MUG, a novel interactive task for multimodal grounding where a user and an agent work collaboratively on an interface screen. Prior works modeled multimodal UI grounding in one round: the user gives a command and the agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Tao Li , Gang Li , Jingjie Zheng , Purple Wang , Yang Li

Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation holds significant promise for enhancing human productivity by assisting with computer tasks. Existing task formulations primarily focus on simple tasks that can be specified by a single,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Qinchen WU , Mingyi Yan , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Oracles used for testing graphical user interface (GUI) programs are required to take into consideration complicating factors such as variations in screen resolution or color scheme when comparing observed GUI elements to expected GUI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Dalal Hammoud , Fadi A. Zaraket , Wes Masri

Digital agents for automating tasks across different platforms by directly manipulating the GUIs are increasingly important. For these agents, grounding from language instructions to target elements remains a significant challenge due to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yuhao Yang , Yue Wang , Dongxu Li , Ziyang Luo , Bei Chen , Chao Huang , Junnan Li

Enabling fully automated testing of mobile applications has recently become an important topic of study for both researchers and practitioners. A plethora of tools and approaches have been proposed to aid mobile developers both by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Mario Linares Vasquez , Carlos Bernal-Cardenas , Kevin Moran , Denys Poshyvanyk

AI agents can autonomously perform tasks and, often without explicit user consent, collect or disclose users' sensitive local data, which raises serious privacy concerns. Although AI agents' privacy policies describe their intended data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Ye Zheng , Yimin Chen , Yidan Hu

The emergent large language/multimodal models facilitate the evolution of mobile agents, especially in mobile UI task automation. However, existing evaluation approaches, which rely on human validation or established datasets to compare…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Li Zhang , Shihe Wang , Xianqing Jia , Zhihan Zheng , Yunhe Yan , Longxi Gao , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu

There have been many studies on automated test generation for mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications. These studies successfully demonstrate how to detect fatal exceptions and achieve high code and activity coverage with fully…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Yavuz Koroglu , Alper Sen

The rapid adoption of mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously control applications and operating systems (OS), exposes new system-level attack surfaces. Existing backdoors against web GUI agents and general GenAI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yutao Luo , Haotian Zhu , Shuchao Pang , Zhigang Lu , Tian Dong , Yongbin Zhou , Minhui Xue

Autonomous agents that operate computers via Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) often struggle with efficiency and reliability on complex, long-horizon tasks. While augmenting these agents with planners can improve task decomposition, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Linxin Song , Yutong Dai , Viraj Prabhu , Jieyu Zhang , Taiwei Shi , Li Li , Junnan Li , Silvio Savarese , Zeyuan Chen , Jieyu Zhao , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong

UI automation tests play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of mobile applications. Despite the growing popularity of machine learning techniques to generate these tests, they still face several challenges, such as the mismatch of UI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sidong Feng , Haochuan Lu , Jianqin Jiang , Ting Xiong , Likun Huang , Yinglin Liang , Xiaoqin Li , Yuetang Deng , Aldeida Aleti

The process of developing a mobile application typically starts with the ideation and conceptualization of its user interface. This concept is then translated into a set of mock-ups to help determine how well the user interface embodies the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Carlos Bernal-Cardenas , Kevin Moran , Michele Tufano , Zichang Liu , Linyong Nan , Zhehan Shi , Denys Poshyvanyk

Context: Visual GUI testing (VGT) is referred to as the latest generation GUI-based testing. It is a tool-driven technique, which uses image recognition for interacting with and asserting the behavior of the system under test. Motivated by…

Large Foundation Models (LFMs) have unlocked new possibilities in human-computer interaction, particularly with the rise of mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents capable of interacting with mobile GUIs. These agents allow users to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Jungjae Lee , Dongjae Lee , Chihun Choi , Youngmin Im , Jaeyoung Wi , Kihong Heo , Sangeun Oh , Sunjae Lee , Insik Shin

While GUI agents have shown strong performance under explicit and completion instructions, real-world deployment requires aligning with users' more complex implicit intents. In this work, we highlight Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yibo Lyu , Gongwei Chen , Rui Shao , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously operate on digital interfaces through natural language instructions, hold transformative potential for accessibility, automation, and user experience. A critical aspect of their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuheng Lu , Qian Yu , Hongru Wang , Zeming Liu , Wei Su , Yanping Liu , Yuhang Guo , Maocheng Liang , Yunhong Wang , Haifeng Wang

Popularity and complexity of malicious mobile applications are rising, making their analysis difficult and labor intensive. Mobile application analysis is indeed inherently different from desktop application analysis: In the latter, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-21 Andrea Gianazza , Federico Maggi , Aristide Fattori , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Stefano Zanero

The last decade has seen tremendous progress in AI technology and applications. With such widespread adoption, ensuring the reliability of the AI models is crucial. In past, we took the first step of creating a testing framework called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Swagatam Haldar , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Diptikalyan Saha