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Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are integral parts of software systems that require interactions from their users. Software testers have paid special attention to GUI testing in the last decade, and have devised techniques that are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Valéria Lelli , Arnaud Blouin , Benoit Baudry

This paper introduces UI-TARS, a native GUI agent model that solely perceives the screenshots as input and performs human-like interactions (e.g., keyboard and mouse operations). Unlike prevailing agent frameworks that depend on heavily…

The assurance of mobile app GUI has become increasingly important, as the GUI serves as the primary medium of interaction between users and apps. Although numerous automated GUI testing approaches have been developed with diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shengcheng Yu , Yuchen Ling , Chunrong Fang , Quan Zhou , Yi Zhao , Chunyang Chen , Shaomin Zhu , Zhenyu Chen

Mobile GUI agents show promise in automating tasks but face generalization challenges in diverse real-world scenarios. Traditional approaches using pre-training or fine-tuning with massive datasets struggle with the diversity of mobile…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Liang Liu , Zhiming Chen , Yuxiang Chai , Shuai Ren , Hao Wang , Shibo He , Wenchao Meng

Mobile GUI agents exhibit substantial potential to facilitate and automate the execution of user tasks on mobile phones. However, exist mobile GUI agents predominantly privilege autonomous operation and neglect the necessity of active user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Haitao Jia , Ming He , Zimo Yin , Likang Wu , Jianping Fan , Jitao Sang

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing plays a crucial role in ensuring app quality, especially as mobile applications have become an integral part of our daily lives. Despite the growing popularity of learning-based techniques in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

With the rapid progress of multimodal large language models, operating system (OS) agents become increasingly capable of automating tasks through on-device graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, most existing OS agents are designed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zheng Wu , Heyuan Huang , Xingyu Lou , Xiangmou Qu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang , Zhaoxiang Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang

Usability testing with experts and potential users can assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) but doing so remains a costly and time-intensive process. Prior work has used computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Alice Gao , Weixi Tong , Rishab Vempati , Katharina Reinecke , R. Benjamin Shapiro , Tianyi Zhang , Jason Wu

Testing is the most direct and effective technique to ensure software quality. Test scripts always play a more important role in mobile app testing than test cases for source code, due to the GUI-intensive and event-driven characteristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Jia Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Mobile device agent based on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) is becoming a popular application. In this paper, we introduce Mobile-Agent, an autonomous multi-modal mobile device agent. Mobile-Agent first leverages visual perception…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Jiabo Ye , Ming Yan , Weizhou Shen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jitao Sang

Software testing framework can be stated as the process of verifying and validating that a computer program/application works as expected and meets the requirements of the user. Usually testing can be done manually or using tools. Manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-07-15 K. Karnavel , V. Divya , Gnanakeerthika , P. Karthika

Voice Assistant (VA) in smartphones has become very popular with millions of users nowadays. A key trend is the rise of custom VA embedding, which enables users to perform the customized tasks of their favorite app through voice control.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Garrett Weaver , Xue Qin

Computer-Use Agents (CUA) are becoming increasingly capable of autonomously operating digital environments through Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). Yet, most GUI remain designed primarily for humans--prioritizing aesthetics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Siyuan Hu , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Philip Torr , Mike Zheng Shou

GUI testing is significant in the SE community. Most existing frameworks are intrusive and only support some specific platforms. With the development of distinct scenarios, diverse embedded systems or customized operating systems on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Mingzhe Du , Yuchen Ling , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Writing and maintaining UI tests for mobile apps is a time-consuming and tedious task. While decades of research have produced automated approaches for UI test generation, these approaches typically focus on testing for crashes or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Yixue Zhao , Saghar Talebipour , Kesina Baral , Hyojae Park , Leon Yee , Safwat Ali Khan , Yuriy Brun , Nenad Medvidovic , Kevin Moran

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) plays a central role in mobile applications, directly affecting usability and user satisfaction. Poor GUI performance, such as lag or unresponsiveness, can lead to negative user experience and decreased…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Wei Liu , Feng Lin , Linqiang Guo , Tse-Hsun Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents have emerged as a transformative paradigm in human-computer interaction, evolving from rule-based automation scripts to sophisticated AI-driven systems capable of understanding and executing complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fei Tang , Haolei Xu , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Xingyu Wu , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Yuchen Yan , Kaitao Song , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Mobile apps are indispensable for people's daily life, and automated GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing is widely used for app quality assurance. There is a growing interest in using learning-based techniques for automated GUI testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo