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Speech understanding is essential for interpreting the diverse forms of information embedded in spoken language, including linguistic, paralinguistic, and non-linguistic cues that are vital for effective human-computer interaction. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Jing Peng , Yucheng Wang , Bohan Li , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Yangui Fang , Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xu Li , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Kai Yu

A new paradigm for machine translation has recently emerged: fine-tuning large language models (LLM) on parallel text has been shown to outperform dedicated translation systems trained in a supervised fashion on much larger amounts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Aquia Richburg , Marine Carpuat

Empathy is a critical factor in fostering positive user experiences in conversational AI. While models can display empathy, it is often generic rather than tailored to specific tasks and contexts. In this work, we introduce a novel…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Erfan Shayegani , Jina Suh , Andy Wilson , Nagu Rangan , Javier Hernandez

The proliferation of Large Language Models like ChatGPT has significantly advanced language understanding and generation, impacting a broad spectrum of applications. However, these models predominantly excel in text-based tasks, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xiao Liu , Jianfeng Lin , Jiawei Zhang

The faithful transfer of contextually-embedded meaning continues to challenge contemporary machine translation (MT), particularly in the rendering of culture-bound terms--expressions or concepts rooted in specific languages or cultures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sherrie Shen , Weixuan Wang , Alexandra Birch

Large-scale multilingual machine translation systems have demonstrated remarkable ability to translate directly between numerous languages, making them increasingly appealing for real-world applications. However, when deployed in the wild,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Nuno M. Guerreiro , Duarte Alves , Jonas Waldendorf , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch , Pierre Colombo , André F. T. Martins

Resolving semantic ambiguity has long been recognised as a central challenge in the field of Machine Translation. Recent work on benchmarking translation performance on ambiguous sentences has exposed the limitations of conventional Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vivek Iyer , Pinzhen Chen , Alexandra Birch

Large language models (LLMs) are equipped with increasingly extended context windows recently, yet their long context understanding capabilities over long dependency tasks remain fundamentally limited and underexplored. This gap is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ziyuan He , Yuxuan Wang , Jiaqi Li , Kexin Liang , Muhan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool in advancing the Text-to-SQL task, significantly outperforming traditional methods.Nevertheless, as a nascent research field, there is still no consensus on the optimal prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Bin Zhang , Yuxiao Ye , Guoqing Du , Xiaoru Hu , Zhishuai Li , Chi Harold Liu , Zhiwei Xu , Guoliang Fan , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li , Hangyu Mao

While state-of-the-art Text-to-Speech systems can generate natural speech of very high quality at sentence level, they still meet great challenges in speech generation for paragraph / long-form reading. Such deficiencies are due to i)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yujia Xiao , Shaofei Zhang , Xi Wang , Xu Tan , Lei He , Sheng Zhao , Frank K. Soong , Tan Lee

Table processing, a key task in natural language processing, has significantly benefited from recent advancements in language models (LMs). However, the capabilities of LMs in table-to-text generation, which transforms structured data into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sahar Iravani , Tim . O . F Conrad

Despite significant improvements in enhancing the quality of translation, context-aware machine translation (MT) models underperform in many cases. One of the main reasons is that they fail to utilize the correct features from context when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Huy Hien Vu , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance in various language tasks, are typically limited to processing texts within context-window size. This limitation has spurred significant research efforts to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jiaqi Li , Mengmeng Wang , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang

Human cognition is constrained by processing limitations, leading to cognitive overload and inefficiencies in knowledge synthesis and decision-making. Large Language Models (LLMs) present an opportunity for cognitive augmentation, but their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Xiangrong , Zhu , Yuan Xu , Tianjian Liu , Jingwei Sun , Yu Zhang , Xin Tong

Agentic reinforcement learning increasingly relies on experience-driven scaling, yet real-world environments remain non-adaptive, limited in coverage, and difficult to scale. World models offer a potential way to improve learning efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yixia Li , Hongru Wang , Jiahao Qiu , Zhenfei Yin , Dongdong Zhang , Cheng Qian , Zeping Li , Pony Ma , Guanhua Chen , Heng Ji

Processing and reasoning over long contexts is crucial for many practical applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as document comprehension and agent construction. Despite recent strides in making LLMs process contexts with more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Zihang Xu , Junhao Chen , Moo Khai Hao , Xu Han , Zhen Leng Thai , Shuo Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer have been widely applied in the filed of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating strong performance, particularly in handling short text tasks. However, when it comes to long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yijun Liu , Jinzheng Yu , Yang Xu , Zhongyang Li , Qingfu Zhu

Machine Translation of Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) poses significant challenges. Recent work on CSI translation has shown some success using Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to different languages and cultures; however, a deeper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhonghe Zhang , Xiaoyu He , Vivek Iyer , Alexandra Birch

Multi-LLM systems harness the complementary strengths of diverse Large Language Models, achieving performance and efficiency gains that are not attainable by a single model. In existing designs, LLMs communicate through text, forcing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tianyu Fu , Zihan Min , Hanling Zhang , Jichao Yan , Guohao Dai , Wanli Ouyang , Yu Wang

Previous work on document-level NMT usually focuses on limited contexts because of degraded performance on larger contexts. In this paper, we investigate on using large contexts with three main contributions: (1) Different from previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Liangyou Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu