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Multiple-choice reading and listening comprehension tests are an important part of language assessment. Content creators for standard educational tests need to carefully curate questions that assess the comprehension abilities of candidates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Vatsal Raina , Adian Liusie , Mark Gales

We describe Dr.Fill, a program that solves American-style crossword puzzles. From a technical perspective, Dr.Fill works by converting crosswords to weighted CSPs, and then using a variety of novel techniques to find a solution. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Matthew L. Ginsberg

In this work, we unveil a novel tool for generating Italian crossword puzzles from text, utilizing advanced language models such as GPT-4o, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3, and Llama3-8b-Instruct. Crafted specifically for educational applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Kamyar Zeinalipour , Achille Fusco , Asya Zanollo , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is an automatic security mechanism used to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. It is a program that generates and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury , Narayan Ranjan Chakraborty

Playing games is inherently human, and a lot of games are created to challenge different human characteristics. However, these tasks are often left out when evaluating the human-like nature of artificial models. The objective of this work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Nuria Alabau-Bosque , Jorge Vila-Tomás , Paula Daudén-Oliver , Pablo Hernández-Cámara , Jose Manuel Jaén-Lorites , Valero Laparra , Jesús Malo

As large language models (LLMs) are increasing integrated into fact-checking pipelines, formal logic is often proposed as a rigorous means by which to mitigate bias, errors and hallucinations in these models' outputs. For example, some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jason Chan , Robert Gaizauskas , Zhixue Zhao

Ambiguity is ubiquitous in natural language. Resolving ambiguous meanings is especially important in information retrieval tasks. While word embeddings carry semantic information, they fail to handle ambiguity well. Transformer models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Matthias Thurnbauer , Johannes Reisinger , Christoph Goller , Andreas Fischer

A Sudoku puzzle often has a regular pattern in the arrangement of initial digits and it is typically made solvable with known solving techniques, called strategies. In this paper, we consider the problem of generating such Sudoku instances.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Kohei Nishikawa , Takahisa Toda

Information seeking users often pose questions with false presuppositions, especially when asking about unfamiliar topics. Most existing question answering (QA) datasets, in contrast, assume all questions have well defined answers. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Xinyan Velocity Yu , Sewon Min , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

The paraphrase identification task involves measuring semantic similarity between two short sentences. It is a tricky task, and multilingual paraphrase identification is even more challenging. In this work, we train a bi-encoder model in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Inessa Fedorova , Aleksei Musatow

Scientific knowledge is constantly subject to a variety of changes due to new discoveries, alternative interpretations, and fresh perspectives. Understanding uncertainties associated with various stages of scientific inquiries is an…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Chaomei Chen , Ming Song , Go Eun Heo

Automated decision making is used routinely throughout our everyday life. Recommender systems decide which jobs, movies, or other user profiles might be interesting to us. Spell checkers help us to make good use of language. Fraud detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Alexander Jung , Pedro H. J. Nardelli

Constraint Programming (CP) has proved an effective paradigm to model and solve difficult combinatorial satisfaction and optimisation problems from disparate domains. Many such problems arising from the commercial world are permeated by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Neil Yorke-Smith , Carmen Gervet

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in human-AI collaborative decision-making hinges on their ability to provide trustworthy, gradual, and tailored explanations. Solving complex puzzles, such as Sudoku, offers a canonical example of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anirudh Maiya , Razan Alghamdi , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Ashutosh Trivedi , Fabio Somenzi

Circuit discovery aims to explain how language models (LMs) implement a specific task by localizing and interpreting a circuit, a computational subgraph responsible for the LM's behavior. Existing circuit discovery methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Daking Rai , Mor Geva , Ziyu Yao

We present in this paper our solver for logic grid puzzles. The approach used by our algorithm mimics the way a human would try to solve the same problem. Every progress made during the solving process is accompanied by a detailed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Guillaume Escamocher , Barry O'Sullivan

Understanding search queries is a hard problem as it involves dealing with "word salad" text ubiquitously issued by users. However, if a query resembles a well-formed question, a natural language processing pipeline is able to perform more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Manaal Faruqui , Dipanjan Das

Crossword puzzles have traditionally served not only as entertainment but also as an educational tool that can be used to acquire vocabulary and language proficiency. One strategy to enhance the educational purpose is personalization, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Kaito Majima , Shotaro Ishihara

A cryptographic protocol (CP) is a distributed algorithm designed to provide a secure communication in an insecure environment. CPs are used, for example, in electronic payments, electronic voting procedures, database access systems, etc.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 A. M. Mironov

In a game of permutation wordle, a player attempts to guess a secret permutation in the fewest number of guesses possible. Previously, Samuel Kutin and Lawren Smithline (arXiv:2408.00903) introduced this game and proposed a strategy called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Aurora Hiveley