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We study the design of portfolios under a minimum risk criterion. The performance of the optimized portfolio relies on the accuracy of the estimated covariance matrix of the portfolio asset returns. For large portfolios, the number of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-20 Liusha Yang , Romain Couillet , Matthew R. McKay

The use of improved covariance matrix estimators as an alternative to the sample estimator is considered an important approach for enhancing portfolio optimization. Here we empirically compare the performance of 9 improved covariance…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2010-04-27 Ester Pantaleo , Michele Tumminello , Fabrizio Lillo , Rosario N. Mantegna

This paper introduces a neural network-based nonlinear shrinkage estimator of covariance matrices for the purpose of minimum variance portfolio optimization. It is a hybrid approach that integrates statistical estimation with machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Liusha Yang , Siqi Zhao , Shuqi Chai

We consider the problem of optimizing a portfolio of financial assets, where the number of assets can be much larger than the number of observations. The optimal portfolio weights require estimating the inverse covariance matrix of excess…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-29 Anik Burman , Sayantan Banerjee

This paper examines the usefulness of high frequency data in estimating the covariance matrix for portfolio choice when the portfolio size is large. A computationally convenient nonlinear shrinkage estimator for the integrated covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Cheng Liu , Ningning Xia , Jun Yu

One of the major challenges in multivariate analysis is the estimation of population covariance matrix from sample covariance matrix (SCM). Most recent covariance matrix estimators use either shrinkage transformations or asymptotic results…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-10 Samruddhi Deshmukh , Amartansh Dubey

This paper investigates the large sample properties of the variance, weights, and risk of high-dimensional portfolios where the inverse of the covariance matrix of excess asset returns is estimated using a technique called nodewise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-16 Laurent Callot , Mehmet Caner , Esra Ulasan , A. Özlem Önder

Portfolio optimization requires sophisticated covariance estimators that are able to filter out estimation noise. Non-linear shrinkage is a popular estimator based on how the Oracle eigenvalues can be computed using only data from the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-14 Christian Bongiorno , Damien Challet

The global minimum-variance portfolio is a typical choice for investors because of its simplicity and broad applicability. Although it requires only one input, namely the covariance matrix of asset returns, estimating the optimal solution…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-08 Sven Husmann , Antoniya Shivarova , Rick Steinert

The mean-variance model remains the most prevalent investment framework, built on diversification principles. However, it consistently struggles with estimation errors in expected returns and the covariance matrix, its core parameters. To…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-29 Rupendra Yadav , Amita Sharma , Aparna Mehra

One of the goals in scaling sequential machine learning methods pertains to dealing with high-dimensional data spaces. A key related challenge is that many methods heavily depend on obtaining the inverse covariance matrix of the data. It is…

Computation · Statistics 2017-07-28 Tomer Lancewicki

Selecting the optimal Markowitz porfolio depends on estimating the covariance matrix of the returns of $N$ assets from $T$ periods of historical data. Problematically, $N$ is typically of the same order as $T$, which makes the sample…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-29 Raj Agrawal , Uma Roy , Caroline Uhler

An investment portfolio consists of $n$ algorithmic trading strategies, which generate vectors of positions in trading assets. Sign opposite trades (buy/sell) cross each other as strategies are combined in a portfolio. Then portfolio…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-05 A. V. Kuliga , I. N. Shnurnikov

The comovement phenomenon in financial markets creates decision scenarios with positively correlated asset returns. This paper addresses covariance matrix estimation under such conditions, motivated by observations of significant positive…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-03 Weilong Liu , Yanchu Liu

A new methodology has been introduced to clean the correlation matrix of single stocks returns based on a constrained principal component analysis using financial data. Portfolios were introduced, namely "Fundamental Maximum Variance…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-01-27 Sebastien Valeyre

We propose a model to forecast large realized covariance matrices of returns, applying it to the constituents of the S\&P 500 daily. To address the curse of dimensionality, we decompose the return covariance matrix using standard firm-level…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-29 Rafael Alves , Diego S. de Brito , Marcelo C. Medeiros , Ruy M. Ribeiro

We develop a method for estimating well-conditioned and sparse covariance and inverse covariance matrices from a sample of vectors drawn from a sub-gaussian distribution in high dimensional setting. The proposed estimators are obtained by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Ashwini Maurya

This paper presents how the most recent improvements made on covariance matrix estimation and model order selection can be applied to the portfolio optimisation problem. The particular case of the Maximum Variety Portfolio is treated but…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-03 Emmanuelle Jay , Eugénie Terreaux , Jean-Philippe Ovarlez , Frédéric Pascal

We discuss a weighted estimation of correlation and covariance matrices from historical financial data. To this end, we introduce a weighting scheme that accounts for similarity of previous market conditions to the present one. The…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-07-01 Michael C. Münnix , Rudi Schäfer , Oliver Grothe

In this paper we construct a shrinkage estimator of the global minimum variance (GMV) portfolio by a combination of two techniques: Tikhonov regularization and direct shrinkage of portfolio weights. More specifically, we employ a double…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-08 Taras Bodnar , Nestor Parolya , Erik Thorsén
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