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Related papers: Lower T-count with faster algorithms

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We present quantum circuits for comparison and increment operations that achieve an asymptotically optimal gate count of $\Theta(n)$ and depth of $\Theta(\log n)$ over the Clifford+Toffoli gate set, while using a provably minimal number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Vivien Vandaele

Clifford gates play a role in the optimisation of Clifford+T circuits. Reducing the count and the depth of Clifford gates, as well as the optimal scheduling of T gates, influence the hardware and the time costs of executing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

Reducing the number of non-Clifford quantum gates present in a circuit is an important task for efficiently implementing quantum computations, especially in the fault-tolerant regime. We present a new method for reducing the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

We investigate Clifford+$T$ quantum circuits with a small number of $T$-gates. Using the sparsification lemma, we identify time complexity lower bounds in terms of $T$-gate count below which a strong simulator would improve on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-26 Cupjin Huang , Michael Newman , Mario Szegedy

Efficient synthesis of arbitrary quantum states and unitaries from a universal fault-tolerant gate-set e.g. Clifford+T is a key subroutine in quantum computation. As large quantum algorithms feature many qubits that encode coherent quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Guang Hao Low , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Luke Schaeffer

To approximate arbitrary unitary transformations on one or more qubits, one must perform transformations which are outside of the Clifford group. The gate most commonly considered for this purpose is the T = diag(1, exp(i \pi/4)) gate. As T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Niel de Beaudrap , Xiaoning Bian , Quanlong Wang

Topological quantum codes are intrinsically fault-tolerant to local noise, and underlie the theory of topological phases of matter. We explore geometry to enhance the performance of topological quantum codes by rotating the four dimensional…

We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-27 Hakop Pashayan , Oliver Reardon-Smith , Kamil Korzekwa , Stephen D. Bartlett

In fault-tolerant quantum computing systems, realising (approximately) universal quantum computation is usually described in terms of realising Clifford+T operations, which is to say a circuit of CNOT, Hadamard, and $\pi/2$-phase rotations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Niel de Beaudrap , Xiaoning Bian , Quanlong Wang

Quantum computing has the potential to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers, with possible applications in areas such as drug discovery and high-energy physics. However, the practical implementation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Remmy Zen , Maximilian Nägele , Florian Marquardt

Quantum computers promise exponential speedups for problems in cryptography, chemistry, and optimization. Realizing this promise requires fault tolerance: physical qubits are noisy, so logical qubits must be encoded redundantly across many…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Aws Albarghouthi

We derive a rigorous upper bound on the classical computation time of finite-ranged tensor network contractions in $d \geq 2$ dimensions. Consequently, we show that quantum circuits of single-qubit and finite-ranged two-qubit gates can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Thorsten B. Wahl , Sergii Strelchuk

While mapping a quantum circuit to the physical layer one has to consider the numerous constraints imposed by the underlying hardware architecture. Connectivity of the physical qubits is one such constraint that restricts two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-14 Vlad Gheorghiu , Jiaxin Huang , Sarah Meng Li , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

We introduce a measure for evaluating the efficiency of finite universal quantum gate sets $\mathcal{S}$, called the Quantum Circuit Overhead (QCO), and the related notion of $T$-Quantum Circuit Overhead ($T$-QCO). QCO compares the circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Oskar Słowik , Piotr Dulian , Adam Sawicki

In this paper, we present Clifford+T gates based quantum circuit design of integer division having $n$ ancillary qubits. The proposed quantum circuit is based on restoring division algorithm. The proposed quantum circuit of integer division…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-06 Himanshu Thapliyal , T. S. S. Varun , Edgard Munoz-Coreas

Compiling quantum circuits into Clifford+$T$ gates is a central task for fault-tolerant quantum computing using stabilizer codes. In the near term, $T$ gates will dominate the cost of fault tolerant implementations, and any reduction in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Lukasz Cincio , Giuseppe Serra , M. Cerezo

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a ubiquitous quantum operation that is used in numerous quantum computing applications. The major obstacle to constructing a QFT circuit is that numerous elementary gates are required. Among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Byeongyong Park , Doyeol Ahn

We present a formulation of the problem of finding the smallest T -Count circuit that implements a given unitary as a binary search over a sequence of continuous minimization problems, and demonstrate that these problems are numerically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Marc Grau Davis , Ed Younis , Mathias Weiden , Hyeongrak Choi , Dirk Englund

IBM has made several quantum computers available to researchers around the world via cloud services. Two architectures with five qubits, one with 16, and one with 20 qubits are available to run experiments. The IBM architectures implement…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Gerhard W. Dueck , Anirban Pathak , Md Mazder Rahman , Abhishek Shukla , Anindita Banerjee

In fault-tolerant quantum circuit synthesis, T gates supplied via magic states dominate space-time cost, while Clifford gates incur negligible overhead. Conventional flows minimize AND count in an {XOR, AND, NOT} basis as a proxy for T,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Hanyu Wang , Mingfei Yu , Xinrui Wu , Jason Cong