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With a growing interest in securing user data within the internet-of-things (IoT), embedded encryption has become of paramount importance, requiring light-weight high-quality Random Number Generators (RNGs). Emerging stochastic device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Furqan Zahoor , Ibrahim A. Albulushi , Saleh Bunaiyan , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Hesham ElSawy , Feras Al-Dirini

One of the big challenges of current electronics is the design and implementation of hardware neural networks that perform fast and energy-efficient machine learning. Spintronics is a promising catalyst for this field with the capabilities…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Jan Kaiser , William A. Borders , Kerem Y. Camsari , Shunsuke Fukami , Hideo Ohno , Supriyo Datta

Recent research has indicated that introducing impurities that increase the resistivity of Pt can enhance the efficiency of the spin Hall torque it generates. Here we directly demonstrate the usefulness of this strategy by fabricating…

Spin-orbit torque and spin-transfer torque are leading the pathway to the future of spintronic memories. However, both of the mechanisms are suffering from intrinsic limitations. In particular, an external magnetic field is required for…

Spin Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) has garnered interest due to its various characteristics such as non-volatility, low leakage power, high density. Its magnetic properties have a vital role in STT switching operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Saeed Seyedfaraji , Javad Talafy Daryani , Mohamed M. Sabry Aly , Semeen Rehman

Magnetic random access memory that uses magnetic tunnel junction memory cells is a high performance, non-volatile memory technology that goes beyond traditional charge-based memories. Today its speed is limited by the high magnetization of…

We introduce the concept of a probabilistic or p-bit, intermediate between the standard bits of digital electronics and the emerging q-bits of quantum computing. We show that low barrier magnets or LBM's provide a natural physical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Kerem Y. Camsari , Brian M. Sutton , Supriyo Datta

Typical measurements of nanowire devices rely on end-to-end measurements to reveal mesoscopic phenomena such as quantized conductance or Coulomb blockade. However, creating nanoscale tunnel junctions allows one to directly measure other…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 J. Damasco , S. T. Gill , S. Gazibegovic , G. Badawy , E. P. A. M. Bakkers , N. Mason

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), that consist of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by an insulating barrier layer, have non-trivial fundamental properties associated with spin-dependent tunneling. Especially interesting are fully…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-12 Kartik Samanta , Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

We report the possibility of achieving an order of magnitude reduction in the energy dissipation needed to write bits in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) by simulating the magnetization dynamics under a combination of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Austin Roe , Dhritiman Bhattacharya , Jayasimha Atulasimha

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, atomic spin defects in diamond, represent an active contender for advancing transformative quantum information science (QIS) and innovations. One of the major challenges for designing NV-based hybrid systems…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Gerald Q. Yan , Nathan McLaughlin , Tatsuya Yamamoto , Senlei Li , Takayuki Nozaki , Shinji Yuasa , Chunhui Rita Du , Hailong Wang

Strain-mediated voltage control of magnetization in piezoelectric/ferromagnetic systems is a promising mechanism to implement energy-efficient spintronic memory devices. Here, we demonstrate giant voltage manipulation of MgO magnetic tunnel…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-02 Zhengyang Zhao , Mahdi Jamali , Noel D'Souza , Delin Zhang , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay , Jayasimha Atulasimha , Jian-Ping Wang

Spintronic nano-synapses and nano-neurons perform complex cognitive computations with high accuracy thanks to their rich, reproducible and controllable magnetization dynamics. These dynamical nanodevices could transform artificial…

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) harness the unique combination of ferroelectricity and quantum tunneling, and thus herald new opportunities in next-generation nonvolatile memory technologies. Recent advancements in the fabrication of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 King-Fa Luo , Zhijun Ma , Daniel Sando , Qi Zhang , Nagarajan Valanoor

The utilization of two-dimensional (2D) materials in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has shown excellent performance and rich physics. As for 2D antiferromagnets, the magnetic moments in different layers respond asynchronously and can be…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Xiaolin Ren , Ruizi Liu , Yiyang Zhang , Yuting Liu , Xuezhao Wu , Kun Qian , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Qiming Shao

We investigate switching of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) driven by the thermal effect of the transport current through the junctions. The switching occurs in a specially designed composite free layer, which acts as one of the MTJ…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 A. F. Kravets , D. M. Polishchuk , V. A. Pashchenko , A. I. Tovstolytkin , V. Korenivski

We report an extensive first-principles investigation of impurity-induced device-to-device variability of spin-polarized quantum tunneling through Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). In particular, we calculated the tunnel…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-12-06 Jianing Zhuang , Yin Wang , Yan Zhou , Jian Wang , Hong Guo

All-oxide magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) incorporating functional materials as insulating barriers have the potential of becoming the founding technology for novel multi-functional devices. We investigate, by first-principles density…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-20 Nuala M. Caffrey , Thomas Archer , Ivan Rungger , Stefano Sanvito

Ensuring high performance, while meeting the power budget is a challenging task as the world is moving towards next-generation computing. Researchers and designers are in search of new solutions for efficient computation. Spintronics…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Jagadish Rajpoot , Ravneet Paul , Shivam Verma

Magnetic tunnel junctions are nanoscale devices which have recently attracted interested in the context of frequency multiplexed spintronic neural networks, due to their interesting dynamical properties, which are defined during the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Maksim Stebliy , Alex S. Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Elvira Paz , Ricardo Ferreira