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This paper addresses a critical challenge in cybersecurity: the gap between vulnerability information represented by Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and the resulting cyberattack actions. CVEs provide insights into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Ehsan Aghaei , Ehab Al-Shaer

Machine learning (ML) underpins foundation models in finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, making them targets for data poisoning, model extraction, prompt injection, automated jailbreaking, and preference-guided black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Armstrong Foundjem , Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh

AI-Integrated programming is emerging as a foundational paradigm for building intelligent systems with large language models (LLMs). Recent approaches such as Meaning Typed Programming (MTP) automate prompt generation by leveraging the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jayanaka L. Dantanarayana , Savini Kashmira , Thakee Nathees , Zichen Zhang , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have achieved impressive zero-shot recognition performance but remain highly susceptible to adversarial perturbations, posing significant risks in safety-critical scenarios. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhiwei Li , Yitian Pang , Weining Wang , Zhenan Sun , Qi Li

Security issues in MANET are a challenging task nowadays. MANETs are vulnerable to passive attacks and active attacks because of a limited number of resources and lack of centralized authority. Blackhole attack is an attack in network layer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Jitendra Kumar Rout , Sourav Kumar Bhoi , Sanjaya Kumar Panda

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) has emerged as a vital complementary approach that operates in the early phases of the cyber threat lifecycle. CTI involves collecting, processing, and analyzing threat data to provide a more accurate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samaneh Shafee , Alysson Bessani , Pedro M. Ferreira

Threat analysts routinely rely on natural-language reports that describe attacker actions without enumerating the full kill chain or the dependencies between phases, making automated reconstruction of ATT&CK consistent intrusion paths a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Chitraksh Singh , Monisha Dhanraj , Ken Huang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that can perform a variety of tasks with remarkable semantic understanding and accuracy. ChatGPT is one such LLM that has gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 M. Mehdi Kholoosi , M. Ali Babar , Roland Croft

An emerging family of language models (LMs), capable of processing both text and images within a single visual view, has the promise to unlock complex tasks such as chart understanding and UI navigation. We refer to these models as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Tianyu Gao , Zirui Wang , Adithya Bhaskar , Danqi Chen

The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a widely adopted tool for enhancing cybersecurity, supporting threat intelligence, incident response, attack modeling, and vulnerability prioritization. This paper synthesizes research on its application across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuning Jiang , Qiaoran Meng , Feiyang Shang , Nay Oo , Le Thi Hong Minh , Hoon Wei Lim , Biplab Sikdar

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) encoded in STIX and structured according to the MITRE ATT&CK framework has become a global reference for describing adversary behavior. However, ATT&CK was designed as a descriptive knowledge base rather than…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ágney Lopes Roth Ferraz , Sidnei Barbieri , Murray Evangelista de Souza , Lourenço Alves Pereira Júnior

Large Language Models (LLMs) are redefining offensive cybersecurity by allowing the generation of harmful machine code with minimal human intervention. While attackers take advantage of dark LLMs such as XXXGPT and WolfGPT to produce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ricardo Bessa , Rui Claro , João Trindade , João Lourenço

Security critical software, e.g., OpenSSL, comes with numerous side-channel leakages left unpatched due to a lack of resources or experts. The situation will only worsen as the pace of code development accelerates, with developers relying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-28 M. Caner Tol , Berk Sunar

SCTP is a transport protocol offering features such as multi-homing, multi-streaming, and message-oriented delivery. Its two main implementations were subjected to conformance tests using the PacketDrill tool. Conformance testing is not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Jacob Ginesin , Max von Hippel , Evan Defloor , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Michael Tüxen

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to social-engineered attacks that are human-interpretable but require a high level of comprehension for LLMs to counteract. Existing defensive measures can only mitigate less than half of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Canaan Yung , Hadi Mohaghegh Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored in robot manipulation, but many existing methods struggle to adapt to new environments. Many systems require either environment-specific policy training or depend on fixed prompts and…

The rise of tool-using Large Language Model (LLM) agents, standardized by protocols like the Model Context Protocol (MCP), has unlocked unprecedented autonomous execution capabilities for LLM Agents by integrating external open-domain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shi Liu , Xuehai Tang , Xikang Yang , Liang Lin , Biyu Zhou , Wenjie Xiao , Wantao Liu

We explore the use of large language models (LLMs) for zero-shot semantic parsing. Semantic parsing involves mapping natural language utterances to task-specific meaning representations. Language models are generally trained on the publicly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Dheeraj Mekala , Jason Wolfe , Subhro Roy

Context: ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) are widely used across healthcare, business, economics, engineering, and software engineering (SE). Despite their popularity, concerns persist about their reliability, especially their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Vahid Garousi

Large language models(LLMs) are increasingly integrated with external systems through the Model Context Protocol(MCP),which standardizes tool invocation and has rapidly become a backbone for LLM-powered applications. While this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shuli Zhao , Qinsheng Hou , Zihan Zhan , Yanhao Wang , Yuchong Xie , Yu Guo , Libo Chen , Shenghong Li , Zhi Xue