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Generative AI models have shown impressive performance on many Natural Language Processing tasks such as language understanding, reasoning, and language generation. An important question being asked by the AI community today is about the…

Incorporating multiple modalities into large language models (LLMs) is a powerful way to enhance their understanding of non-textual data, enabling them to perform multimodal tasks. Vision language models (VLMs) form the fastest growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Shiqi He , Insu Jang , Mosharaf Chowdhury

The effectiveness of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrates a profound capability in multimodal understanding. However, the simultaneous generation of images with coherent texts is still underdeveloped. Addressing this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kaizhi Zheng , Xuehai He , Xin Eric Wang

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) are the two critical components of every conversational system that handles the task of understanding the user by capturing the necessary information in the form of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Mauajama Firdaus , Avinash Madasu , Asif Ekbal

Generating synthesizable Verilog for large, hierarchical hardware designs remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), which struggle to replicate the structured reasoning that human experts employ when translating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sazzadul Islam , Tasnim Tabassum , Hao Zheng

Vision-language generative reward models (VL-GenRMs) play a crucial role in aligning and evaluating multimodal AI systems, yet their own evaluation remains under-explored. Current assessment methods primarily rely on AI-annotated preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lei Li , Yuancheng Wei , Zhihui Xie , Xuqing Yang , Yifan Song , Peiyi Wang , Chenxin An , Tianyu Liu , Sujian Li , Bill Yuchen Lin , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu

This paper introduces VeriThoughts, a novel dataset designed for reasoning-based Verilog code generation. We establish a new benchmark framework grounded in formal verification methods to evaluate the quality and correctness of generated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Patrick Yubeaton , Andre Nakkab , Weihua Xiao , Luca Collini , Ramesh Karri , Chinmay Hegde , Siddharth Garg

Multimodal GPTs represent a watershed in the interplay between Software Engineering and Generative Artificial Intelligence. GPT-4 accepts image and text inputs, rather than simply natural language. We investigate relevant use cases stemming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Roberto Rossi

Recently, the use of large language models (LLMs) for software code generation, e.g., C/C++ and Python, has proven a great success. However, LLMs still suffer from low syntactic and functional correctness when it comes to the generation of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Mingzhe Gao , Jieru Zhao , Zhe Lin , Wenchao Ding , Xiaofeng Hou , Yu Feng , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Traditionally, designs are written in Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and debugged by hardware engineers. While this approach is effective, it is time-consuming and error-prone for complex designs. Large language models (LLMs)…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shailja Thakur , Jason Blocklove , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Natural language generation (NLG) is the key technology to achieve generative artificial intelligence (AI). With the breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs), NLG has been widely used in various medical applications, demonstrating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Mengxian Lyu , Xiaohan Li , Ziyi Chen , Jinqian Pan , Cheng Peng , Sankalp Talankar , Yonghui Wu

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) effectively bridge the modality gap through extensive pretraining, acquiring sophisticated visual representations aligned with language. However, it remains underexplored whether these representations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiahao Guo , Sinan Du , Jingfeng Yao , Wenyu Liu , Bo Li , Haoxiang Cao , Kun Gai , Chun Yuan , Kai Wu , Xinggang Wang

At present, executable visual workflows have emerged as a mainstream paradigm in real-world industrial deployments, offering strong reliability and controllability. However, in current practice, such workflows are almost entirely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yi Zhong , Buqiang Xu , Yijun Wang , Zifei Shan , Shuofei Qiao , Guozhou Zheng , Ningyu Zhang

We present Cephalo, a series of multimodal vision large language models (V-LLMs) designed for materials science applications, integrating visual and linguistic data for enhanced understanding. A key innovation of Cephalo is its advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Markus J. Buehler

Visual reasoning is a core component of human intelligence and a critical capability for advanced multimodal models. Yet current reasoning evaluations of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often rely on text descriptions and allow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Weiye Xu , Jiahao Wang , Weiyun Wang , Zhe Chen , Wengang Zhou , Aijun Yang , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Jinguo Zhu

Recent advances in Generative AI have transformed how users interact with data analysis through natural language interfaces. However, many systems rely too heavily on LLMs, creating risks of hallucination, opaque reasoning, and reduced user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ratanond Koonchanok , Alex Kale , Khairi Reda

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automating the process of visualization authoring through simple natural language utterances. However, instructing LLMs using natural language is limited in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Zhen Wen , Luoxuan Weng , Yinghao Tang , Runjin Zhang , Yuxin Liu , Bo Pan , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

The integration of visual encoders and large language models (LLMs) has driven recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, the scarcity of high-quality instruction-tuning data for vision-language tasks remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Bin Wang , Fan Wu , Xiao Han , Jiahui Peng , Huaping Zhong , Pan Zhang , Xiaoyi Dong , Weijia Li , Wei Li , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He

Recent studies have demonstrated the exceptional potentials of leveraging human preference datasets to refine text-to-image generative models, enhancing the alignment between generated images and textual prompts. Despite these advances,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for automating Verilog code generation; however, existing methods primarily emphasize syntactic correctness and often rely on commercial models or external…

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