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LiDAR sensors are essential for autonomous systems, yet LiDAR fiducial markers (LFMs) lag behind visual fiducial markers (VFMs) in adoption and utility. Bridging this gap is vital for robotics and computer vision but challenging due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yibo Liu

Fine localization is a crucial task for autonomous vehicles. Although many algorithms have been explored in the literature for this specific task, the goal of getting accurate results from commodity sensors remains a challenge. As…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-14 Samuel Todd Flanagan , Drupad K. Khublani , J. -F. Chamberland , Siddharth Agarwal , Ankit Vora

Vulnerable road users (VRUs) face high collision risks in mixed traffic, yet most existing safety systems prioritize driver or vehicle assistance over direct VRU support. This paper presents ARCAS, a real-time augmented reality (AR)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Ahmad Yehia , Jiseop Byeon , Tianyi Wang , Huihai Wang , Yiming Xu , Junfeng Jiao , Christian Claudel

Robust road segmentation is a key challenge in self-driving research. Though many image-based methods have been studied and high performances in dataset evaluations have been reported, developing robust and reliable road segmentation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Huafeng Liu , Yazhou Yao , Zeren Sun , Xiangrui Li , Ke Jia , Zhenmin Tang

Our study assesses the adversarial robustness of LiDAR-camera fusion models in 3D object detection. We introduce an attack technique that, by simply adding a limited number of physically constrained adversarial points above a car, can make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Bo Yang , Xiaoyu Ji , Zizhi Jin , Yushi Cheng , Wenyuan Xu

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a key component of autonomous systems operating in environments that require a consistent map for reliable localization. SLAM has been a widely studied topic for decades with most of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-23 J. Jorge , T. Barros , C. Premebida , M. Aleksandrov , D. Goehring , U. J. Nunes

This paper introduces a visual-based localization method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) that operate in the absence of any complicated hardware system but a single camera. Visual localization refers to techniques that aim to find the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Sara Zahedian , Kaveh Farokhi Sadabadi , Amir Nohekhan

The unsupervised 3D object detection is to accurately detect objects in unstructured environments with no explicit supervisory signals. This task, given sparse LiDAR point clouds, often results in compromised performance for detecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Ruiyang Zhang , Hu Zhang , Hang Yu , Zhedong Zheng

Accurate localization is essential for enabling modern full self-driving services. These services heavily rely on map-based traffic information to reduce uncertainties in recognizing lane shapes, traffic light locations, and traffic signs.…

Security is of primary importance to vehicles. The viability of performing remote intrusions onto the in-vehicle network has been manifested. In regard to unmanned autonomous cars, limited work has been done to detect intrusions for them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Jingxuan Jiang , Chundong Wang , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Wei Zhang

The reliability of driving perception systems under unprecedented conditions is crucial for practical usage. Latest advancements have prompted increasing interest in multi-LiDAR perception. However, prevailing driving datasets predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ye Li , Lingdong Kong , Hanjiang Hu , Xiaohao Xu , Xiaonan Huang

3D object detection plays a fundamental role in enabling autonomous driving, which is regarded as the significant key to unlocking the bottleneck of contemporary transportation systems from the perspectives of safety, mobility, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Zhengwei Bai , Guoyuan Wu , Matthew J. Barth , Yongkang Liu , Emrah Akin Sisbot , Kentaro Oguchi

Localization has been a challenging task for autonomous navigation. A loop detection algorithm must overcome environmental changes for the place recognition and re-localization of robots. Therefore, deep learning has been extensively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Alex Junho Lee , Seungwon Song , Hyungtae Lim , Woojoo Lee , Hyun Myung

While surface normals are widely used to analyse 3D scene geometry, surface normal estimation from LiDAR point clouds remains severely underexplored. This is caused by the lack of large-scale annotated datasets on the one hand, and lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Dušan Malić , Christian Fruhwirth-Reisinger , Samuel Schulter , Horst Possegger

Place recognition plays an important role in achieving robust long-term autonomy. Real-world robots face a wide range of weather conditions (e.g. overcast, heavy rain, and snowing) and most sensors (i.e. camera, LiDAR) essentially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hogyun Kim , Byunghee Choi , Euncheol Choi , Younggun Cho

3D LiDAR point cloud data is crucial for scene perception in computer vision, robotics, and autonomous driving. Geometric and semantic scene understanding, involving 3D point clouds, is essential for advancing autonomous driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Li Li

Lidar has become an essential sensor for autonomous driving as it provides reliable depth estimation. Lidar is also the primary sensor used in building 3D maps which can be used even in the case of low-cost systems which do not use Lidar.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-08 B Ravi Kiran , Luis Roldão , Benat Irastorza , Renzo Verastegui , Sebastian Suss , Senthil Yogamani , Victor Talpaert , Alexandre Lepoutre , Guillaume Trehard

Existing autonomous driving systems rely on onboard sensors (cameras, LiDAR, IMU, etc) for environmental perception. However, this paradigm is limited by the drive-time perception horizon and often fails under limited view scope, occlusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiaosong Jia , Chenhe Zhang , Yule Jiang , Songbur Wong , Zhiyuan Zhang , Chen Chen , Shaofeng Zhang , Xuanhe Zhou , Xue Yang , Junchi Yan , Yu-Gang Jiang

This paper introduces an approach that enhances the state estimator for high-speed autonomous race cars, addressing challenges from unreliable measurements, localization failures, and computing resource management. The proposed robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Daegyu Lee , Hyunwoo Nam , Chanhoe Ryu , Sungwon Nah , Seongwoo Moon , D. Hyunchul Shim

Autonomous Driving is now the promising future of transportation. As one basis for autonomous driving, High Definition Map (HD map) provides high-precision descriptions of the environment, therefore it enables more accurate perception and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jinliang Xie , Jie Tang , Shaoshan Liu