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We consider the representational state complexity of unranked tree automata. The bottom-up computation of an unranked tree automaton may be either deterministic or nondeterministic, and further variants arise depending on whether the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

Automata extraction is a method for synthesising interpretable surrogates for black-box neural models that can be analysed symbolically. Existing techniques assume a finite input alphabet, and thus are not directly applicable to data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chih-Duo Hong , Hongjian Jiang , Anthony W. Lin , Oliver Markgraf , Julian Parsert , Tony Tan

Arden's Lemma is a classical result in language theory allowing the computation of a rational expression denoting the language recognized by a finite string automaton. In this paper we generalize this important lemma to the rational tree…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-02 Younes Guellouma , Ludovic Mignot , Hadda Cherroun , Djelloul Ziadi

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a technique for computing the derivative of a function represented by a program. This technique is considered as the de-facto standard for computing the differentiation in many machine learning and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Amir Shaikhha , Mathieu Huot , Shabnam Ghasemirad , Andrew Fitzgibbon , Simon Peyton Jones , Dimitrios Vytiniotis

This paper proposes a novel non-iterative method to solve power system differential algebraic equations (DAEs) using the differential transformation, a mathematical tool that can obtain power series coefficients by transformation rules…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-19 Yang Liu , Kai Sun

Data trees are trees in which each node, besides carrying a label from a finite alphabet, also carries a data value from an infinite domain. They have been used as an abstraction model for reasoning tasks on {XML} and verification. However,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-07 Tony Tan

Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs) are of central importance in automata theory. In view of how state diagrams for DFAs are defined using directed graphs, this leads us to introduce a generalization of DFAs related to a method widely used…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-18 John M. Campbell

It is well known that for a regular tree language it is decidable whether or not it can be recognized by a deterministic top-down tree automaton (DTA). However, the computational complexity of this problem has not been studied. We show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Peter Leupold , Sebastian Maneth

Forest automata (FA) have recently been proposed as a tool for shape analysis of complex heap structures. FA encode sets of tree decompositions of heap graphs in the form of tuples of tree automata. In order to allow for representing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Lukas Holik , Ondrej Lengal , Adam Rogalewicz , Jiri Simacek , Tomas Vojnar

A tree automatic structure is a structure whose domain can be encoded by a regular tree language such that each relation is recognisable by a finite automaton processing tuples of trees synchronously. Words can be regarded as specific…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-01-25 Martin Huschenbett

We introduce essential subtrees for terms (trees) and tree automata . There are some results concerning independent sets of subtrees and separable sets for a tree and an automaton.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Slavcho Shtrakov

Analogous to regular string and tree languages, regular languages of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are defined in the literature. Although called regular, those DAG-languages are more powerful and, consequently, standard problems have a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yvo Ad Meeres

Deep neural networks have been proven powerful at processing perceptual data, such as images and audio. However for tabular data, tree-based models are more popular. A nice property of tree-based models is their natural interpretability. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Yongxin Yang , Irene Garcia Morillo , Timothy M. Hospedales

We study a categorical generalisation of tree automata, as $\Sigma$-algebras for a fixed endofunctor $\Sigma$ endowed with initial and final states. Under mild assumptions about the base category, we present a general minimisation algorithm…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Gerco van Heerdt , Tobias Kappé , Jurriaan Rot , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva

We obtain a differential equation for the enumeration of the path length of general increasing trees. By using differential operators and their combinatorial interpretation we give a bijective proof of a version of Fa\`a di Bruno formula,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-13 Miguel A. Mendez

Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is a widely used method for classification and dimensionality reduction. When the number of predictor variables greatly exceeds the number of observations, one of the alternatives for conventional FDA is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-30 Agniva Chowdhury , Jiasen Yang , Petros Drineas

Determinisation and completion of finite tree automata are important operations with applications in program analysis and verification. However, the complexity of the classical procedures for determinisation and completion is high. They are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-02 John P. Gallagher , Mai Ajspur , Bishoksan Kafle

In mathematics and computer algebra, automatic differentiation (AD) is a set of techniques to evaluate the derivative of a function specified by a computer program. AD exploits the fact that every computer program, no matter how…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Vassil Vassilev , Aleksandr Efremov , Oksana Shadura

We describe a framework for systematic enumeration of families combinatorial structures which possess a certain regularity. More precisely, we describe how to obtain the differential equations satisfied by their generating series. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-02-28 Marni Mishna

First-order logic is a natural way of expressing properties of computation. It is traditionally used in various program logics for expressing the correctness properties and certificates. Although such representations are expressive for some…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Yurii Kostyukov , Dmitry Mordvinov , Grigory Fedyukovich