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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved notable success in code generation. However, they still frequently produce uncompilable output because their next-token inference procedure does not model formal aspects of code. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Niels Mündler , Jingxuan He , Hao Wang , Koushik Sen , Dawn Song , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across diverse domains. Many practical applications of LLMs, such as code completion and structured data extraction, require adherence to syntactic constraints specified by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Niels Mündler , Jasper Dekoninck , Martin Vechev

One of the long-standing goals in optimisation and constraint programming is to describe a problem in natural language and automatically obtain an executable, efficient model. Large language models appear to bring this vision closer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alessio Pellegrino , Jacopo Mauro

As software-intensive systems face growing pressure to comply with laws and regulations, providing automated support for compliance analysis has become paramount. Despite advances in the Requirements Engineering (RE) community on legal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Shabnam Hassani , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Daniel Amyot , Jain Liao

An attractive mechanism to specify global constraints in rostering and other domains is via formal languages. For instance, the Regular and Grammar constraints specify constraints in terms of the languages accepted by an automaton and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-04 George Katsirelos , Nina Narodytska , Toby Walsh

Rule-based adaptation is a foundational approach to self-adaptation, characterized by its human readability and rapid response. However, building high-performance and robust adaptation rules is often a challenge because it essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yusei Ishimizu , Jialong Li , Jinglue Xu , Jinyu Cai , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as general-purpose reasoners, particularly in agentic contexts. However, their outputs remain prone to mathematical and logical errors. This is especially challenging in open-ended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis , Vince Trencsenyi

In recent months, Language Models (LMs) have become a part of daily discourse, with focus on OpenAI and the potential of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Furthermore, the leaking of LLama's weights to the public has led to an influx…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Tristan Vanderbruggen , Chunhua Liao , Peter Pirkelbauer , Pei-Hung Lin

This work develops an LLM-based optimization framework ensuring strict constraint satisfaction in network optimization. While LLMs possess contextual reasoning capabilities, existing approaches often fail to enforce constraints, causing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Youngjin Song , Wookjin Lee , Hong Ki Kim , Sang Hyun Lee

LLMs have been widely used in planning, either as planners to generate action sequences end-to-end, or as formalizers to represent the planning domain and problem in a formal language that can derive plans deterministically. However, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Cassie Huang , Stuti Mohan , Ziyi Yang , Stefanie Tellex , Li Zhang

Automated testing plays a crucial role in ensuring software security. It heavily relies on formal specifications to validate the correctness of the system behavior. However, the main approach to defining these formal specifications is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Hui Li , Zhen Dong , Siao Wang , Hui Zhang , Liwei Shen , Xin Peng , Dongdong She

AutomationML (AML) enables standardized data exchange in engineering, yet existing recommendations for proper AML modeling are typically formulated as informal and textual constraints. These constraints cannot be validated automatically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tom Westermann , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff

Large language models can produce creative and diverse responses. However, to integrate them into current developer workflows, it is essential to constrain their outputs to follow specific formats or standards. In this work, we surveyed 51…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Michael Xieyang Liu , Frederick Liu , Alexander J. Fiannaca , Terry Koo , Lucas Dixon , Michael Terry , Carrie J. Cai

Automated planning is concerned with developing efficient algorithms to generate plans or sequences of actions to achieve a specific goal in a given environment. Emerging Large Language Models (LLMs) can answer questions, write high-quality…

Autoformalization is the task of automatically translating mathematical content written in natural language to a formal language expression. The growing language interpretation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), including in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lan Zhang , Xin Quan , Andre Freitas

Large language models (LLMs) process and predict sequences containing text to answer questions, and address tasks including document summarization, providing recommendations, writing software and solving quantitative problems. We provide a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Ricardo Baptista , Andrew Stuart , Son Tran

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate substantively relevant content but fail to adhere to formal constraints, leading to outputs that are conceptually correct but procedurally flawed. Traditional prompt refinement approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Alberto Purpura , Li Wang , Sahil Badyal , Eugenio Beaufrand , Adam Faulkner

This paper introduces a novel Large Language Models (LLMs)-assisted agent that automatically converts natural-language descriptions of power system optimization scenarios into compact, solver-ready formulations and generates corresponding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yunkai Hu , Tianqiao Zhao , Meng Yue

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a powerful ability for text generation. However, achieving optimal results with a given prompt or instruction can be challenging, especially for billion-sized models. Additionally, undesired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Lifu Tu , Semih Yavuz , Jin Qu , Jiacheng Xu , Rui Meng , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou
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