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A small fraction of gravitational-wave (GW) signals from binary black holes (BBHs) will be gravitationally lensed by intervening galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong lensing will produce multiple identical copies of the GW signal arriving…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Koustav N. Maity , Souvik Jana , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Ankur Barsode , Parameswaran Ajith

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo could observe the first lensed gravitational waves in the coming years, while the future Einstein Telescope could observe hundreds of lensed events. Ground-based gravitational-wave detectors can resolve…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Giulia Pagano , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

Massive objects located between Earth and a compact binary merger can act as a magnifying glass improving the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors to distant events. Depending on the parameters of the system, a point mass lens…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-27 Ruxandra Bondarescu , Helena Ubach , Oleg Bulashenko , Andrew P. Lundgren

Low-latency analyses of gravitational-wave (GW) data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA enable rapid detection of compact binary coalescences (CBC) and prompt sky localization, essential for electromagnetic follow-up in multi-messenger astronomy.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-28 Amazigh Ouzriat , Viola Sordini , Francesco Di Renzo

The detection of the binary neutron star (BNS) merger, GW170817, was the first success story of multi-messenger observations of compact binary mergers. The inferred merger rate along with the increased sensitivity of the ground-based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Deep Chatterjee , Shaon Ghosh , Patrick R. Brady , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Andrew L. Miller , Samaya Nissanke , Francesco Pannarale

We provide an overview of various mechanisms, and corresponding powers, of precursor emission to compacts' mergers to be detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration. Expected peak powers, $\leq 10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, are not…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-19 Maxim Lyutikov

Recently, the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC) concluded that there is no evidence for lensed gravitational waves (GW) in the first half of the O3 run, claiming "We find the observation of lensed events to be unlikely, with the fractional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-08 Jose M. Diego , Tom Broadhurst , George Smoot

Finding the host galaxies of stellar-mass compact binary mergers will open a new window for studying their formation histories and measuring key cosmological parameters, such as the Hubble constant. To date, only one merger, GW170817, has…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-01 Alberto Salvarese , Hsin-Yu Chen , Daniel E. Holz

When gravitational waves pass near massive astrophysical objects, they can be gravitationally lensed. The lensing can split them into multiple wave-fronts, magnify them, or imprint beating patterns on the waves. Here we focus on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 A. Renske A. C. Wierda , Ewoud Wempe , Otto A. Hannuksela , Léon V. E. Koopmans , Chris Van Den Broeck

A small fraction of gravitational-wave (GW) signals detected by ground-based observatories will be strongly lensed by intervening galaxies or clusters. This may produce multiple copies of the signals (i.e., lensed images) arriving at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-28 A. Barsode , K. N. Maity , P. Ajith

The expected event rate of lensed gravitational wave sources scales with the merger rate at redshift $z\geq 1$, where the optical depth for lensing is high. It is commonly assumed that the merger rate of the astrophysical compact objects is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-21 Suvodip Mukherjee , Tom Broadhurst , Jose M. Diego , Joseph Silk , George F. Smoot

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration uses multiple independent search pipelines to detect gravitational waves, often resulting in multiple triggers (g-events) for a single astrophysical source. These triggers are grouped into superevents,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-20 Pratyusava Baral , Cody Messick , Patrick Brady

Fast and effective localization of gravitational wave (GW) events could play a crucial role in identifying possible electromagnetic counterparts, and thereby help usher in an era of GW multi-messenger astronomy. We discuss an algorithm for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-08 Hsin-Yu Chen , Daniel E. Holz

As the number of detected gravitational wave sources increase with increasing sensitivity of the gravitational wave observatories, observing strongly lensed pair of events will become a real possibility. Lensed GW events will have very…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 Anupreeta More , Surhud More

Gravitational waves, like light, can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong gravitational-wave lensing, forecasted at a reasonable rate in ground-based gravitational-wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-18 Justin Janquart , Otto A. Hannuksela , Haris K. , Chris Van Den Broeck

The LIGO HET Response (LIGHETR) project is an enterprise to follow up optical transients (OT) discovered as gravitational wave merger sources by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration (LVC). Early spectroscopy has the potential to constrain crucial…

A small fraction of the gravitational-wave (GW) signals from binary black holes observable by ground-based detectors will be strongly lensed by intervening objects such as galaxies and clusters. Strong lensing will produce nearly identical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-03 A. Barsode , S. Goyal , P. Ajith

We investigate the merging rates of compact binaries in galaxies, and the related detection rate of gravitational wave (GW) events with AdvLIGO/Virgo and with the Einstein Telescope. To this purpose, we rely on three basic ingredients: (i)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-04 L. Boco , A. Lapi , S. Goswami , F. Perrotta , C. Baccigalupi , L. Danese

We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational waves from merging neutron star binaries, in the context of advanced LIGO type gravitational wave detectors. We consider properties of the expected observational data with cut on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Yun Wang , Albert Stebbins , Edwin L. Turner

Significant human and observational resources have been dedicated to electromagnetic followup of gravitational-wave events detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo. As the sensitivity of LIGO and Virgo improves, the rate of sources detected will…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-16 Daniel Finstad , Duncan A. Brown
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