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Deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, where reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to ensure robustness. Existing methods predominantly rely on the penultimate-layer activations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Shreen Gul , Mohamed Elmahallawy , Ardhendu Tripathy , Sanjay Madria

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an immensely popular approach for online learning in settings where data arrives in a stream or data sizes are very large. However, despite an ever-increasing volume of work on SGD, much less is known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-06 Weijie J. Su , Yuancheng Zhu

The difficulty of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is a crucial factor for educational assessments. Predicting MCQ difficulty is challenging since it requires understanding both the complexity of reaching the correct option and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Wanyong Feng , Peter Tran , Stephen Sireci , Andrew Lan

The software for clustering students according to their educational achievements using fuzzy logic was developed in Python using the Google Colab cloud service. In the process of analyzing educational data, the problems of Data Mining are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Serhiy Balovsyak , Oleksandr Derevyanchuk , Hanna Kravchenko , Yuriy Ushenko , Zhengbing Hu

Detecting collaborative and problem-solving behaviours from digital traces to interpret students' collaborative problem solving (CPS) competency is a long-term goal in the Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) field. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 K. Wong , B. Wu , S. Bulathwela , M. Cukurova

In the classical non-adaptive group testing setup, pools of items are tested together, and the main goal of a recovery algorithm is to identify the "complete defective set" given the outcomes of different group tests. In contrast, the main…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Abhay Sharma , Chandra R. Murthy

Deepfake techniques generate highly realistic data, making it challenging for humans to discern between actual and artificially generated images. Recent advancements in deep learning-based deepfake detection methods, particularly with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Alvaro Lopez Pellcier , Yi Li , Plamen Angelov

Person re-identification (re-ID) has received great success with the supervised learning methods. However, the task of unsupervised cross-domain re-ID is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a Hard Samples Rectification (HSR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Chih-Ting Liu , Man-Yu Lee , Tsai-Shien Chen , Shao-Yi Chien

As the Internet help us cross language and cultural border by providing different types of translation tools, cross language plagiarism, also known as translation plagiarism are bound to arise. Especially among the academic works, such…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-12-22 Chow Kok Kent , Naomie Salim

Organizations use intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to identify harmful activity among millions of computer network events. Cybersecurity analysts review IDS alarms to verify whether malicious activity occurred and to take remedial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Lucas Layman , William Roden

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) retrieves relevant images based on a reference image and accompanying text describing desired modifications. However, existing CIR methods only focus on retrieving the target image and disregard the relevance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jaehyun Kwak , Ramahdani Muhammad Izaaz Inhar , Se-Young Yun , Sung-Ju Lee

Classic Delphi and Fuzzy Delphi methods are used to test content validity of data collection tools such as questionnaires. Fuzzy Delphi takes the opinion issued by judges from a linguistic perspective reducing ambiguity in opinions by using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Rosana Montes , Cristina Zuheros , Jeovani M. Morales , Noe Zermeño , Jerónimo Duran , Francsico Herrera

Modern face recognition systems remain vulnerable to spoofing attempts, including both physical presentation attacks and digital forgeries. Traditionally, these two attack vectors have been handled by separate models, each targeting its own…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Andrei Balykin , Anvar Ganiev , Denis Kondranin , Kirill Polevoda , Nikolai Liudkevich , Artem Petrov

An important challenge with the current generation of noisy, large-scale quantum computers is the question of validation. Does the hardware generate correct answers? If not, what are the errors? This issue is often combined with questions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Alexander S. Dellios , Margaret D. Reid , Peter D. Drummond

A key issue of current quantum advantage experiments is that their verification requires a full classical simulation of the ideal computation. This limits the regime in which the experiments can be verified to precisely the regime in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Abhinav Deshpande , Bill Fefferman , Soumik Ghosh , Michael Gullans , Dominik Hangleiter

The Unified Object Detection (UOD) task aims to achieve object detection of all merged categories through training on multiple datasets, and is of great significance in comprehensive object detection scenarios. In this paper, we conduct a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 XiaoJun Tang , Jingru Wang , Zeyu Shangguan , Darun Tang , Yuyu Liu

Numerous studies demonstrate the importance of self-regulation during learning by problem-solving. Recent work in learning analytics has largely examined students' use of SRL concerning overall learning gains. Limited research has related…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Conrad Borchers , Jiayi Zhang , Ryan S. Baker , Vincent Aleven

We study the problem of group testing with a non-adaptive randomized algorithm in the random incidence design (RID) model where each entry in the test is chosen randomly independently from $\{0,1\}$ with a fixed probability $p$. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Nader H. Bshouty , Nuha Diab , Shada R. Kawar , Robert J. Shahla

Federated learning enables the training of machine learning models on distributed data without compromising user privacy, as data remains on personal devices and only model updates, such as gradients, are shared with a central coordinator.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Micha V. Nowak , Tim P. Bott , David Khachaturov , Frank Puppe , Adrian Krenzer , Amar Hekalo

Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation (SSIS) involves classifying and grouping image pixels into distinct object instances using limited labeled data. This learning paradigm usually faces a significant challenge of unstable performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jianghang Lin , Yilin Lu , Yunhang Shen , Chaoyang Zhu , Shengchuan Zhang , Liujuan Cao , Rongrong Ji