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Time-series foundation models (TSFMs) achieve strong forecast accuracy, yet accuracy alone does not determine practical value. The form of a forecast -- point, quantile, parametric, or trajectory ensemble -- fundamentally constrains which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Alvaro Perez-Diaz , James C. Loach , Danielle E. Toutoungi , Lee Middleton

Reliable displacement measurement is fundamental for structural health monitoring and digital engineering workflows, as it provides direct structural response information. Vision-based measurement has emerged as a promising approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyu Xian , Hao Cheng , Berend Jan van der Zwaag , Rolands Kromanis , Ozlem Durmaz Incel

Foundation Models (FMs) are large-scale, pre-trained artificial intelligence (AI) systems that have revolutionized natural language processing and computer vision, and are now advancing geospatial analysis and Earth Observation (EO). They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pedram Ghamisi , Weikang Yu , Xiaokang Zhang , Aldino Rizaldy , Jian Wang , Chufeng Zhou , Richard Gloaguen , Gustau Camps-Valls

Large-scale and multidimensional spatiotemporal data sets are becoming ubiquitous in many real-world applications such as monitoring urban traffic and air quality. Making predictions on these time series has become a critical challenge due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-21 Xinyu Chen , Lijun Sun

The emergence of deep learning has yielded noteworthy advancements in time series forecasting (TSF). Transformer architectures, in particular, have witnessed broad utilization and adoption in TSF tasks. Transformers have proven to be the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Liyilei Su , Xumin Zuo , Rui Li , Xin Wang , Heng Zhao , Bingding Huang

Video Foundation Models (VFMs) exhibit remarkable visual generation performance, but struggle in compositional scenarios (e.g., motion, numeracy, and spatial relation). In this work, we introduce Test-Time Optimization and Memorization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Leigang Qu , Ziyang Wang , Na Zheng , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

World foundation models, which simulate the physical world by predicting future states from current observations and inputs, have become central to many applications in physical intelligence, including autonomous driving and robotics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Wenyan Cong , Hanqing Zhu , Peihao Wang , Bangya Liu , Dejia Xu , Kevin Wang , David Z. Pan , Yan Wang , Zhiwen Fan , Zhangyang Wang

Recent studies have indicated that foundation models, such as BERT and GPT, excel in adapting to a variety of downstream tasks. This adaptability has established them as the dominant force in building artificial intelligence (AI) systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Weikai Yang , Mengchen Liu , Zheng Wang , Shixia Liu

Recent advancements in video saliency prediction (VSP) have shown promising performance compared to the human visual system, whose emulation is the primary goal of VSP. However, current state-of-the-art models employ spatio-temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Morteza Moradi , Mohammad Moradi , Francesco Rundo , Concetto Spampinato , Ali Borji , Simone Palazzo

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in universal forecasting by leveraging large-scale pretraining on diverse time series data. Complementing this progress, incorporating frequency-domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shunyu Wu , Jiawei Huang , Weibin Feng , Boxin Li , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Dan Li , Jian Lou , See-Kiong Ng

We present a continuous time state estimation framework that unifies traditionally individual tasks of smoothing, tracking, and forecasting (STF), for a class of targets subject to smooth motion processes, e.g., the target moves with nearly…

Applications · Statistics 2021-04-21 Tiancheng Li , Huimin Chen , Shudong Sun , Juan M Corchado

Time series reasoning is crucial to decision-making in diverse domains, including finance, energy usage, traffic, weather, and scientific discovery. While existing time series foundation models (TSFMs) can capture low-level dynamic patterns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Fangxu Yu , Hongyu Zhao , Tianyi Zhou

Time series forecasting plays a crucial role in data mining, driving rapid advancements across numerous industries. With the emergence of large models, time series foundation models (TSFMs) have exhibited remarkable generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Huanyu Zhang , Chang Xu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Jiang Bian , Tieniu Tan

Time series forecasting is crucial in several sectors, such as meteorology, retail, healthcare, and finance. Accurately forecasting future trends and patterns is crucial for strategic planning and making well-informed decisions. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Nitin Sagar Boyeena , Begari Susheel Kumar

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of spatiotemporal foundation models in different scientific disciplines. While promising, these models are often domain-specific and are only assessed within the particular applications for…

Learning discriminative spatiotemporal representation is the key problem of video understanding. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown their power in learning long-term video dependency with self-attention. Unfortunately, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Kunchang Li , Yali Wang , Yinan He , Yizhuo Li , Yi Wang , Limin Wang , Yu Qiao

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their strong zero-shot capabilities and widespread real-world applications. Such models typically require a computationally costly pre-training on…

In this paper, we introduce Masked Multi-Step Multivariate Forecasting (MMMF), a novel and general self-supervised learning framework for time series forecasting with known future information. In many real-world forecasting scenarios, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Yiwei Fu , Honggang Wang , Nurali Virani

Time series forecasting is essential for operational intelligence in the hospitality industry, and particularly challenging in large-scale, distributed systems. This study evaluates the performance of statistical, machine learning (ML),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Issar Arab , Rodrigo Benitez

Recent advances in deep learning have driven rapid progress in time series forecasting, yet many state-of-the-art models continue to struggle with robust performance in real-world applications, even when they achieve strong results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Qitai Tan , Yiyun Chen , Mo Li , Ruiwen Gu , Yilin Su , Xiao-Ping Zhang