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The Far-side Array for Radio Science Investigations of the Dark ages and Exoplanets (FARSIDE) is a proposed mission concept to the lunar far side that seeks to deploy and operate an array of 128 dual-polarization, dipole antennas over a…

One of the last unexplored windows to the cosmos, the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn, can be opened using a simple low frequency radio telescope from the stable, quiet lunar farside to measure the Global 21-cm spectrum. This frontier remains an…

The active broadband (1 kHz-100 MHz) tripole antenna now envisaged to be placed on the European Lunar Lander located at the Lunar South Pole allows for sensitive measurements of the exosphere and ionosphere, and their interaction with the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Marc Klein Wolt , Amin Aminaei , Philippe Zarka , Jan-Rutger Schrader , Albert-Jan Boonstra , Heino Falcke

Low-frequency radio astronomy is limited by severe ionospheric distortions below 50 MHz and complete reflection of radio waves below 10-30 MHz. Shielding of man-made interference from long-range radio broadcasts, strong natural radio…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-03-09 Sebastian Jester , Heino Falcke

At redshifts beyond $z \gtrsim 30$, the 21cm line from neutral hydrogen is expected to be essentially the only viable probe of the 3D matter distribution. The lunar far-side is an extremely appealing site for future radio arrays that target…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-26 Philip Bull , Caroline Guandalin , Chris Addis

The origin and evolution of structure in the Universe could be studied in the Dark Ages. The highly redshifted HI signal between 30 < z < 80 is the only observable signal from this era. Human radio interference and ionospheric effects limit…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-24 Zoe A. Le Conte , Martin Elvis , Philipp A. Gläser

We present radio observations of the Moon between $35$ and $80$ MHz to demonstrate a novel technique of interferometrically measuring large-scale diffuse emission extending far beyond the primary beam (global signal) for the first time. In…

Low radio frequency experiments performed on Earth are contaminated by both ionospheric effects and radio frequency interference (RFI) from Earth-based sources. The lunar farside provides a unique environment above the ionosphere where RFI…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-15 Neil Bassett , David Rapetti , Jack O. Burns , Keith Tauscher , Robert MacDowall

One of the aims of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Epoch of Reionization (EoR) project is to measure the power spectrum of variations in the intensity of redshifted 21-cm radiation from the EoR. The sensitivity with which this power…

The cosmic "Dark Ages" is the period between the last scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the appearance of the first luminous sources, spanning redshifts $1100\gtrsim z\gtrsim 30$. The only way to observe this period is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Willow Smith , Jonathan C. Pober

The Moon is a unique platform for fundamental astrophysical measurements of gravitation, the Sun, and the Universe. Lacking a permanent ionosphere and, on the farside, shielded from terrestrial radio emissions, a radio telescope on the Moon…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-15 Jack O. Burns , the LUNAR Consortium

Mini-EUSO (Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) is a telescope observing the Earth from the International Space Station since 2019. The instrument employs a Fresnel-lens optical system and a…

FarView is a proposed low frequency radio interferometer for deployment on the lunar far side, enabled by the Moon's radio quiet environment. Operating over 1-50 MHz inaccessible from Earth, FarView will open a new observational window and…

PRATUSH -- Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen -- is a proposed cosmology experiment to detect the global red-shifted 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization (CD/EoR). PRATUSH orbiting the…

Chang'E-4 (CE4), the first mission to soft-land on the lunar farside, provides a unique opportunity for astronomical observations from an environment shielded from terrestrial radio interference, and thus serves as pathfinder for lunar…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-11 Jian-Kang Li , Zhen-Zhao Tao , Bo-Lun Huang , Kang-Jiao , Tong-Jie Zhang , Ming-Yuan Wang , Jin-Song Ping , Dan Werthimer , Vishal Gajjar

Low-frequency observatories are currently being constructed with the goal of detecting redshifted 21cm emission from the epoch of reionization. These observatories will also be able to detect intensity fluctuations in the cumulative 21cm…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb , Paul Geil

NASA's return to the Moon presents unparalleled opportunities to advance high-impact scientific capabilities. At the cutting edge of these possibilities are extremely high-resolution interferometric observations at visible and ultraviolet…

Exploration of the Red Planet is essential on the way through both human colonization and establishing a habitat on the planet. Due to the high costs of space missions, the use of distributed sensor networks has been investigated to make in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-07 Kürşat Tekbıyık , Dogay Altinel , Mustafa Cansiz , Güneş Karabulut Kurt

Radio detection of Ultra High Energetic Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos (UHECRv) which hit the Moon has been investigated in recent years. In preparation for near-future lunar science missions, we discuss technical requirements for radio…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Amin Aminaei , Linjie Chen , Hamid R. Pourshaghaghi , Stijn Buitink , Marc Klein-Wolt , Leon V. E. Koopmans , Heino Falcke

Several radio telescopes have been planned or proposed to be deployed on the Lunar farside in the coming years. These will observe the unexplored ultra-long wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum from the lunar farside's unique…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Nivedita Mahesh , Judd D Bowman , Bharat Gehlot , Danny Jacobs