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The Simons Observatory (SO) Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) will observe the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization at six frequency bands. Within these bands, the angular response of the telescope (beam) is…

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-05 The Simons Observatory Collaboration , Peter Ade , James Aguirre , Zeeshan Ahmed , Simone Aiola , Aamir Ali , David Alonso , Marcelo A. Alvarez , Kam Arnold , Peter Ashton , Jason Austermann , Humna Awan , Carlo Baccigalupi , Taylor Baildon , Darcy Barron , Nick Battaglia , Richard Battye , Eric Baxter , Andrew Bazarko , James A. Beall , Rachel Bean , Dominic Beck , Shawn Beckman , Benjamin Beringue , Federico Bianchini , Steven Boada , David Boettger , J. Richard Bond , Julian Borrill , Michael L. Brown , Sarah Marie Bruno , Sean Bryan , Erminia Calabrese , Victoria Calafut , Paolo Calisse , Julien Carron , Anthony Challinor , Grace Chesmore , Yuji Chinone , Jens Chluba , Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho , Steve Choi , Gabriele Coppi , Nicholas F. Cothard , Kevin Coughlin , Devin Crichton , Kevin D. Crowley , Kevin T. Crowley , Ari Cukierman , John M. D'Ewart , Rolando Dünner , Tijmen de Haan , Mark Devlin , Simon Dicker , Joy Didier , Matt Dobbs , Bradley Dober , Cody J. Duell , Shannon Duff , Adri Duivenvoorden , Jo Dunkley , John Dusatko , Josquin Errard , Giulio Fabbian , Stephen Feeney , Simone Ferraro , Pedro Fluxà , Katherine Freese , Josef C. Frisch , Andrei Frolov , George Fuller , Brittany Fuzia , Nicholas Galitzki , Patricio A. Gallardo , Jose Tomas Galvez Ghersi , Jiansong Gao , Eric Gawiser , Martina Gerbino , Vera Gluscevic , Neil Goeckner-Wald , Joseph Golec , Sam Gordon , Megan Gralla , Daniel Green , Arpi Grigorian , John Groh , Chris Groppi , Yilun Guan , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Dongwon Han , Peter Hargrave , Masaya Hasegawa , Matthew Hasselfield , Makoto Hattori , Victor Haynes , Masashi Hazumi , Yizhou He , Erin Healy , Shawn W. Henderson , Carlos Hervias-Caimapo , Charles A. Hill , J. Colin Hill , Gene Hilton , Matt Hilton , Adam D. Hincks , Gary Hinshaw , Renée Hložek , Shirley Ho , Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho , Logan Howe , Zhiqi Huang , Johannes Hubmayr , Kevin Huffenberger , John P. Hughes , Anna Ijjas , Margaret Ikape , Kent Irwin , Andrew H. Jaffe , Bhuvnesh Jain , Oliver Jeong , Daisuke Kaneko , Ethan D. Karpel , Nobuhiko Katayama , Brian Keating , Sarah S. Kernasovskiy , Reijo Keskitalo , Theodore Kisner , Kenji Kiuchi , Jeff Klein , Kenda Knowles , Brian Koopman , Arthur Kosowsky , Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff , Stephen E. Kuenstner , Chao-Lin Kuo , Akito Kusaka , Jacob Lashner , Adrian Lee , Eunseong Lee , David Leon , Jason S. -Y. Leung , Antony Lewis , Yaqiong Li , Zack Li , Michele Limon , Eric Linder , Carlos Lopez-Caraballo , Thibaut Louis , Lindsay Lowry , Marius Lungu , Mathew Madhavacheril , Daisy Mak , Felipe Maldonado , Hamdi Mani , Ben Mates , Frederick Matsuda , Loïc Maurin , Phil Mauskopf , Andrew May , Nialh McCallum , Chris McKenney , Jeff McMahon , P. Daniel Meerburg , Joel Meyers , Amber Miller , Mark Mirmelstein , Kavilan Moodley , Moritz Munchmeyer , Charles Munson , Sigurd Naess , Federico Nati , Martin Navaroli , Laura Newburgh , Ho Nam Nguyen , Michael Niemack , Haruki Nishino , John Orlowski-Scherer , Lyman Page , Bruce Partridge , Julien Peloton , Francesca Perrotta , Lucio Piccirillo , Giampaolo Pisano , Davide Poletti , Roberto Puddu , Giuseppe Puglisi , Chris Raum , Christian L. Reichardt , Mathieu Remazeilles , Yoel Rephaeli , Dominik Riechers , Felipe Rojas , Anirban Roy , Sharon Sadeh , Yuki Sakurai , Maria Salatino , Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao , Emmanuel Schaan , Marcel Schmittfull , Neelima Sehgal , Joseph Seibert , Uros Seljak , Blake Sherwin , Meir Shimon , Carlos Sierra , Jonathan Sievers , Precious Sikhosana , Maximiliano Silva-Feaver , Sara M. Simon , Adrian Sinclair , Praween Siritanasak , Kendrick Smith , Stephen R. Smith , David Spergel , Suzanne T. Staggs , George Stein , Jason R. Stevens , Radek Stompor , Aritoki Suzuki , Osamu Tajima , Satoru Takakura , Grant Teply , Daniel B. Thomas , Ben Thorne , Robert Thornton , Hy Trac , Calvin Tsai , Carole Tucker , Joel Ullom , Sunny Vagnozzi , Alexander van Engelen , Jeff Van Lanen , Daniel D. Van Winkle , Eve M. Vavagiakis , Clara Vergès , Michael Vissers , Kasey Wagoner , Samantha Walker , Jon Ward , Ben Westbrook , Nathan Whitehorn , Jason Williams , Joel Williams , Edward J. Wollack , Zhilei Xu , Byeonghee Yu , Cyndia Yu , Fernando Zago , Hezi Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu

We use time-domain simulations of Jupiter observations to test and develop a beam reconstruction pipeline for the Simons Observatory Small Aperture Telescopes. The method relies on a map maker that estimates and subtracts correlated…

The Simons Observatory (SO) will measure the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in both temperature and polarization over a wide range of angular scales and frequencies from 27-270 GHz with unprecedented sensitivity. One technology for…

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment that includes small-aperture telescopes (SATs) observing from an altitude of 5,200 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The SO SATs will cover six spectral…

We present an analysis of errors on the tensor-to-scalar ratio due to residual diffuse foregrounds. We use simulated observations of a CMB polarization satellite, the Cosmic Origins Explorer, using the specifications of the version proposed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-31 Carlos Hervías-Caimapo , Anna Bonaldi , Michael L. Brown

The Simons Observatory (SO) will be a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment with three small-aperture telescopes and one large-aperture telescope, which will observe from the Atacama Desert in Chile. In total, SO will field…

Weak gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is an important cosmological tool that allows us to learn about the structure, composition and evolution of the Universe. Upcoming CMB experiments, such as the Simons…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Mark Mirmelstein , Giulio Fabbian , Antony Lewis , Julien Peloton

We study the effects due to mismatches in passbands, polarization angles, and temperature and polarization calibrations in the context of the upcoming cosmic microwave background experiment Simons Observatory (SO). Using the SO…

Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) B-mode polarisation provide a unique probe of inflationary physics. Extracting a reliable constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ nonetheless demands stringent suppression of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Aliza Mustafa , Alessandro Carones , Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff , Marina Migliaccio , Carlo Baccigalupi

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-10 The Simons Observatory Collaboration , Maximilian H. Abitbol , Shunsuke Adachi , Peter Ade , James Aguirre , Zeeshan Ahmed , Simone Aiola , Aamir Ali , David Alonso , Marcelo A. Alvarez , Kam Arnold , Peter Ashton , Zachary Atkins , Jason Austermann , Humna Awan , Carlo Baccigalupi , Taylor Baildon , Anton Baleato Lizancos , Darcy Barron , Nick Battaglia , Richard Battye , Eric Baxter , Andrew Bazarko , James A. Beall , Rachel Bean , Dominic Beck , Shawn Beckman , Benjamin Beringue , Tanay Bhandarkar , Sanah Bhimani , Federico Bianchini , Steven Boada , David Boettger , Boris Bolliet , J. Richard Bond , Julian Borrill , Michael L. Brown , Sarah Marie Bruno , Sean Bryan , Erminia Calabrese , Victoria Calafut , Paolo Calisse , Julien Carron , Fred. M Carl , Juan Cayuso , Anthony Challinor , Grace Chesmore , Yuji Chinone , Jens Chluba , Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho , Steve Choi , Susan Clark , Philip Clarke , Carlo Contaldi , Gabriele Coppi , Nicholas F. Cothard , Kevin Coughlin , Will Coulton , Devin Crichton , Kevin D. Crowley , Kevin T. Crowley , Ari Cukierman , John M. D'Ewart , Rolando Dünner , Tijmen de Haan , Mark Devlin , Simon Dicker , Bradley Dober , Cody J. Duell , Shannon Duff , Adri Duivenvoorden , Jo Dunkley , Hamza El Bouhargani , Josquin Errard , Giulio Fabbian , Stephen Feeney , James Fergusson , Simone Ferraro , Pedro Fluxà , Katherine Freese , Josef C. Frisch , Andrei Frolov , George Fuller , Nicholas Galitzki , Patricio A. Gallardo , Jose Tomas Galvez Ghersi , Jiansong Gao , Eric Gawiser , Martina Gerbino , Vera Gluscevic , Neil Goeckner-Wald , Joseph Golec , Sam Gordon , Megan Gralla , Daniel Green , Arpi Grigorian , John Groh , Chris Groppi , Yilun Guan , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Mark Halpern , Dongwon Han , Peter Hargrave , Kathleen Harrington , Masaya Hasegawa , Matthew Hasselfield , Makoto Hattori , Victor Haynes , Masashi Hazumi , Erin Healy , Shawn W. Henderson , Brandon Hensley , Carlos Hervias-Caimapo , Charles A. Hill , J. Colin Hill , Gene Hilton , Matt Hilton , Adam D. Hincks , Gary Hinshaw , Renée Hložek , Shirley Ho , Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho , Thuong D. Hoang , Jonathan Hoh , Selim C. Hotinli , Zhiqi Huang , Johannes Hubmayr , Kevin Huffenberger , John P. Hughes , Anna Ijjas , Margaret Ikape , Kent Irwin , Andrew H. Jaffe , Bhuvnesh Jain , Oliver Jeong , Matthew Johnson , Daisuke Kaneko , Ethan D. Karpel , Nobuhiko Katayama , Brian Keating , Reijo Keskitalo , Theodore Kisner , Kenji Kiuchi , Jeff Klein , Kenda Knowles , Anna Kofman , Brian Koopman , Arthur Kosowsky , Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff , Akito Kusaka , Phil LaPlante , Jacob Lashner , Adrian Lee , Eunseong Lee , Antony Lewis , Yaqiong Li , Zack Li , Michele Limon , Eric Linder , Jia Liu , Carlos Lopez-Caraballo , Thibaut Louis , Marius Lungu , Mathew Madhavacheril , Daisy Mak , Felipe Maldonado , Hamdi Mani , Ben Mates , Frederick Matsuda , Loïc Maurin , Phil Mauskopf , Andrew May , Nialh McCallum , Heather McCarrick , Chris McKenney , Jeff McMahon , P. Daniel Meerburg , James Mertens , Joel Meyers , Amber Miller , Mark Mirmelstein , Kavilan Moodley , Jenna Moore , Moritz Munchmeyer , Charles Munson , Masaaki Murata , Sigurd Naess , Toshiya Namikawa , Federico Nati , Martin Navaroli , Laura Newburgh , Ho Nam Nguyen , Andrina Nicola , Mike Niemack , Haruki Nishino , Yume Nishinomiya , John Orlowski-Scherer , Luca Pagano , Bruce Partridge , Francesca Perrotta , Phumlani Phakathi , Lucio Piccirillo , Elena Pierpaoli , Giampaolo Pisano , Davide Poletti , Roberto Puddu , Giuseppe Puglisi , Chris Raum , Christian L. Reichardt , Mathieu Remazeilles , Yoel Rephaeli , Dominik Riechers , Felipe Rojas , Aditya Rotti , Anirban Roy , Sharon Sadeh , Yuki Sakurai , Maria Salatino , Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao , Lauren Saunders , Emmanuel Schaan , Marcel Schmittfull , Neelima Sehgal , Joseph Seibert , Uros Seljak , Paul Shellard , Blake Sherwin , Meir Shimon , Carlos Sierra , Jonathan Sievers , Cristobal Sifon , Precious Sikhosana , Maximiliano Silva-Feaver , Sara M. Simon , Adrian Sinclair , Kendrick Smith , Wuhyun Sohn , Rita Sonka , David Spergel , Jacob Spisak , Suzanne T. Staggs , George Stein , Jason R. Stevens , Radek Stompor , Aritoki Suzuki , Osamu Tajima , Satoru Takakura , Grant Teply , Daniel B. Thomas , Ben Thorne , Robert Thornton , Hy Trac , Jesse Treu , Calvin Tsai , Carole Tucker , Joel Ullom , Sunny Vagnozzi , Alexander van Engelen , Jeff Van Lanen , Daniel D. Van Winkle , Eve M. Vavagiakis , Clara Vergès , Michael Vissers , Kasey Wagoner , Samantha Walker , Yuhan Wang , Jon Ward , Ben Westbrook , Nathan Whitehorn , Jason Williams , Joel Williams , Edward Wollack , Zhilei Xu , Siavash Yasini , Edward Young , Byeonghee Yu , Cyndia Yu , Fernando Zago , Mario Zannoni , Hezi Zhang , Kaiwen Zheng , Ningfeng Zhu , Andrea Zonca

The detection of primordial B-modes, a key probe of cosmic inflation, is increasingly challenged by contamination from weak gravitational lensing B-modes induced by large-scale structure (LSS). We present a delensing pipeline designed to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-27 Wen-Zheng Chen , Yang Liu , Yi-Ming Wang , Hong Li

We investigate how dust foreground complexity can affect measurements of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the context of the Simons Observatory, using a cross-spectrum component separation analysis. Employing a suite of simulations with…

The primary scientific target of the CMB polarization experiments that are currently being built and proposed is the detection of primordial tensor perturbations. As a byproduct, these instruments will significantly improve constraints on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Levon Pogosian , Meir Shimon , Matthew Mewes , Brian Keating

For cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization observations, calibration of detector polarization angles is essential. We have developed a fully remote controlled calibration system with a sparse wire grid that reflects linearly…

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background survey experiment that consists of three 0.5 m small-aperture telescopes and one 6 m large-aperture telescope, sited at an elevation of 5200 m in the Atacama Desert…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Lauren J. Saunders , Matthew Hasselfield , Brian J. Koopman , Laura Newburgh

The Simons Observatory (SO) will be a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment with three small-aperture telescopes and one large-aperture telescope, which will observe from the Atacama Desert in Chile. In total, SO will field…

Improved measurements of $B$-modes in the cosmic microwave background can be obtained through accurate calibration of the orientation of detector antennas as projected onto the sky. Miscalibration of the detector polarization angle leads to…