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As autonomous vehicles are gradually being deployed in the real world, external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) are expected to serve as a critical solution for enhancing vehicle-pedestrian communication. However, existing eHMI designs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialong Li , Zhenyu Mao , Zhiyao Wang , Yijun Lu , Shogo Morita , Nianyu Li , Kenji Tei

Autonomous Personal Mobility Vehicles (APMVs) are designed to address the ``last-mile'' transportation challenge for everyone. When an APMV encounters a pedestrian, it uses an external Human-Machine Interface (eHMI) to negotiate road…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hailong Liu , Zhe Zeng , Takahiro Wada

Increasing autonomous vehicles (AVs) in transportation systems makes effective interactions between AVs and pedestrians indispensable. External human--machine interface (eHMI), which employs visual or auditory cues to explicitly convey…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Boya Sun , Haotian Shi , Ying Ni , Shaocheng Jia , Haoyang Liang

In recent years, researchers and manufacturers have started to investigate ways to enable autonomous vehicles (AVs) to interact with nearby pedestrians in compensation for the absence of human drivers. The majority of these efforts focuses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yiyuan Wang , Luke Hespanhol , Martin Tomitsch

As safe and comfortable interactions with pedestrians could contribute to automated vehicles' (AVs) social acceptance and scale, increasing attention has been drawn to computational pedestrian behavior models. However, very limited studies…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) tend to disrupt the atmosphere and pedestrian experience in urban shared spaces, undermining the focus of these spaces on people and placemaking. We investigate how external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yiyuan Wang , Martin Tomitsch , Marius Hoggenmüller , Senuri Wijenayake , Wai Yan , Luke Hespanhol

As autonomous vehicles (AVs) inch closer to reality, a central requirement for acceptance will be earning the trust of humans in everyday driving situations. In particular, the interaction between AVs and pedestrians is of high importance,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Nitin R. Kapania , Vijay Govindarajan , Francesco Borrelli , J. Christian Gerdes

Vehicle pedestrian communication is extremely important when developing autonomy for an autonomous vehicle. Enabling bidirectional nonverbal communication between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles will lead to an improvement of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Melanie Schmidt-Wolf , David Feil-Seifer

Wearable augmented reality (AR) offers new ways for supporting the interaction between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians due to its ability to integrate timely and contextually relevant data into the user's field of view. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Tram Thi Minh Tran , Callum Parker , Yiyuan Wang , Martin Tomitsch

Although automated driving systems have been used frequently, they are still unpopular in society. To increase the popularity of automated vehicles (AVs), assisting pedestrians to accurately understand the driving intentions and improving…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Hailong Liu , Takatsugu Hirayama , Luis Yoichi Morales , Hiroshi Murase

The present cross-disciplinary research explores pedestrian-autonomous vehicle interactions in a safe, virtual environment. We first present contemporary tools in the field and then propose the design and development of a new application…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Georgios Pappas , Joshua E. Siegel , Jacob Rutkowski , Andrea Schaaf

Providing pedestrians and other vulnerable road users with a clear indication about a fully autonomous vehicle status and intentions is crucial to make them coexist. In the last few years, a variety of external interfaces have been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-05 F. Gabriele Pratticò , Fabrizio Lamberti , Alberto Cannavò , Lia Morra , Paolo Montuschi

Recent research has increasingly focused on how autonomous vehicles (AVs) communicate with pedestrians in complex traffic situations involving multiple vehicles and pedestrians. VR is emerging as an effective tool to simulate these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Tram Thi Minh Tran , Callum Parker

Understanding human behavior in overtaking scenarios is crucial for enhancing road safety in mixed traffic with automated vehicles (AVs). Computational models of behavior play a pivotal role in advancing this understanding, as they can…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-29 Samir H. A. Mohammad , Haneen Farah , Arkady Zgonnikov

For safe navigation around pedestrians, automated vehicles (AVs) need to plan their motion by accurately predicting pedestrians trajectories over long time horizons. Current approaches to AV motion planning around crosswalks predict only…

More than half of the 1.19 million annual traffic fatalities globally involve vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, with a significant proportion attributable to human error. Level-5 automated driving systems (ADSs) have the potential…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sanaz Motamedi , Viktoria Marcus , Griffin Pitts

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must share space with pedestrians, both in carriageway cases such as cars at pedestrian crossings and off-carriageway cases such as delivery vehicles navigating through crowds on pedestrianized high-streets. Unlike…

The pedestrian stress level is shown to significantly influence human cognitive processes and, subsequently, decision-making, e.g., the decision to select a gap and cross a street. This paper systematically studies the stress experienced by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mohsen Nazemi , Bara Rababah , Daniel Ramos , Tangxu Zhao , Bilal Farooq

This study presents the outcomes of empirical investigations pertaining to human-vehicle interactions involving an autonomous vehicle equipped with both internal and external Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) within a crosswalk scenario. The…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Rubén Izquierdo , Javier Alonso , Ola Benderius , Miguel Ángel Sotelo , David Fernández Llorca

One of the main challenges autonomous vehicles (AVs) will face is interacting with pedestrians, especially at unmarked midblock locations where the right-of-way is unspecified. This study investigates pedestrian crossing behavior given…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Fengjiao Zou , Jennifer Ogle , Weimin Jin , Patrick Gerard , Daniel Petty , Andrew Robb