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Optimal transport (OT) has recently found widespread interest in machine learning. It allows to define novel distances between probability measures, which have shown promise in several applications. In this work, we discuss how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Bamdev Mishra , N T V Satyadev , Hiroyuki Kasai , Pratik Jawanpuria

Entropic regularization provides a generalization of the original optimal transport problem. It introduces a penalty term defined by the Kullback-Leibler divergence, making the problem more tractable via the celebrated Sinkhorn algorithm.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-04 Dávid Terjék , Diego González-Sánchez

Partial Optimal Transport (POT) addresses the problem of transporting only a fraction of the total mass between two distributions, making it suitable when marginals have unequal size or contain outliers. While Sinkhorn-based methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nghia Thu Truong , Qui Phu Pham , Quang Nguyen , Dung Luong , Mai Tran

Optimal Transport, a theory for optimal allocation of resources, is widely used in various fields such as astrophysics, machine learning, and imaging science. However, many applications impose elementwise constraints on the transport plan…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Zixuan Cang , Qing Nie , Yanxiang Zhao

Optimal transport (OT) has gained popularity due to its various applications in fields such as machine learning, statistics, and signal processing. However, the balanced mass requirement limits its performance in practical problems. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yikun Bai , Ivan Medri , Rocio Diaz Martin , Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Soheil Kolouri

We propose novel fast algorithms for optimal transport (OT) utilizing a cyclic symmetry structure of input data. Such OT with cyclic symmetry appears universally in various real-world examples: image processing, urban planning, and graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shoichiro Takeda , Yasunori Akagi , Naoki Marumo , Kenta Niwa

We investigate the problem of efficiently computing optimal transport (OT) distances, which is equivalent to the node-capacitated minimum cost maximum flow problem in a bipartite graph. We compare runtimes in computing OT distances on data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yihe Dong , Yu Gao , Richard Peng , Ilya Razenshteyn , Saurabh Sawlani

We study the complexity of approximating the multimarginal optimal transport (MOT) distance, a generalization of the classical optimal transport distance, considered here between $m$ discrete probability distributions supported each on $n$…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-23 Tianyi Lin , Nhat Ho , Marco Cuturi , Michael I. Jordan

The Sinkhorn algorithm is a numerical method for the solution of optimal transport problems. Here, I give a brief survey of this algorithm, with a strong emphasis on its geometric origin: it is natural to view it as a discretization, by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Klas Modin

In this paper, we propose the optimal production transport model, which is an extension of the classical optimal transport model. We observe in economics, the production of the factories can always be adjusted within a certain range, while…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Jie Fan , Tianhao Wu , Hao Wu

An optimal transport (OT) problem seeks to find the cheapest mapping between two distributions with equal total density, given the cost of transporting density from one place to another. Unbalanced OT allows for different total density in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Jacob J. M. Francis , Colin J. Cotter , Marion P. Mittermaier

Sinkhorn algorithm is the de-facto standard approximation algorithm for optimal transport, which has been applied to a variety of applications, including image processing and natural language processing. In theory, the proof of its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kazuki Watanabe , Noboru Isobe

In the last fifteen years a significant progress was achieved by considering an entropic relaxation of the classical multi-partite optimal transport problem (MPOTP). The entropic relaxation gives rise to the rescaling problem of a given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Shmuel Friedland

Entropic optimal transport problems are regularized versions of optimal transport problems. These models play an increasingly important role in machine learning and generative modelling. For finite spaces, these problems are commonly solved…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 O. Deniz Akyildiz , Pierre Del Moral , Joaquín Miguez

The ability to compare two degenerate probability distributions (i.e. two probability distributions supported on two distinct low-dimensional manifolds living in a much higher-dimensional space) is a crucial problem arising in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-23 Aude Genevay , Gabriel Peyré , Marco Cuturi

Optimal Transport (OT) is a mathematical framework that first emerged in the eighteenth century and has led to a plethora of methods for answering many theoretical and applied questions. The last decade has been a witness to the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Abdelwahed Khamis , Russell Tsuchida , Mohamed Tarek , Vivien Rolland , Lars Petersson

Unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) extends optimal transport (OT) to take into account mass variations to compare distributions. This is crucial to make OT successful in ML applications, making it robust to data normalization and outliers.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Thibault Séjourné , François-Xavier Vialard , Gabriel Peyré

Optimal Transport (OT) naturally arises in many machine learning applications, yet the heavy computational burden limits its wide-spread uses. To address the scalability issue, we propose an implicit generative learning-based framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Yujia Xie , Minshuo Chen , Haoming Jiang , Tuo Zhao , Hongyuan Zha

Ensuring fairness in matching algorithms is a key challenge in allocating scarce resources and positions. Focusing on Optimal Transport (OT), we introduce a novel notion of group fairness requiring that the probability of matching two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Linus Bleistein , Mathieu Dagréou , Francisco Andrade , Thomas Boudou , Aurélien Bellet

Optimal transport (OT) has become a widely used tool in the machine learning field to measure the discrepancy between probability distributions. For instance, OT is a popular loss function that quantifies the discrepancy between an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Shintaro Nakamura , Han Bao , Masashi Sugiyama