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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automated software testing, yet their ability to generalize beyond memorized patterns and reason about natural language bug reports remains unclear. We present a systematic evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Irtaza Sajid Qureshi , Zhen Ming , Jiang

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Neural networks are increasingly used to support decision-making. To verify their reliability and adaptability, researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of tools and methods for tasks such as NN code verification, refactoring,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nadia Daoudi , Jordi Cabot

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate textual explanations of process models discovered from event logs. Producing explanations from large behavioral abstractions (e.g., directly-follows graphs or Petri nets) can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 P. van Oerle , R. H. Bemthuis , F. A. Bukhsh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, with applications spanning a wide range of fields, including sentiment classification, review generation, and question answering. Due to their efficiency and versatility,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Michael Backes , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about subtle social biases embedded in their outputs. Existing guardrails often fail when faced with indirect or contextually complex bias-inducing prompts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sina Salimian , Gias Uddin , Sumon Biswas , Henry Leung

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Software engineers in various industrial domains are already using Large Language Models (LLMs) to accelerate the process of implementing parts of software systems. When considering its potential use for ADAS or AD systems in the automotive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Zhennan Fei , Krishna Ronanki , Håkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly help people solve problems, from debugging code to repairing machinery. This process requires generating plausible hypotheses from partial descriptions, then updating them as more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hua-Dong Xiong

Recent research shows that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to harmful fine-tuning attacks -- models lose their safety alignment ability after fine-tuning on a few harmful samples. For risk mitigation, a guardrail is typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Tiansheng Huang , Sihao Hu , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Ling Liu

Autonomous web agents are increasingly deployed for long-horizon tasks, yet their ability to adhere to real-world policies remains critically underexplored compared to standard safety objectives. To address this gap, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiaofei Wen , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Muhao Chen

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications, establishing robust safety guardrails to moderate their inputs and outputs has become essential to ensure adherence to safety policies. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Minseok Choi , Dongjin Kim , Seungbin Yang , Subin Kim , Youngjun Kwak , Juyoung Oh , Jaegul Choo , Jungmin Son

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, but their deployment has exposed critical vulnerabilities, particularly to jailbreak attacks that circumvent safety alignments. Guardrails--external defense mechanisms that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xunguang Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Wenxuan Wang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, ensuring their safety, robustness, and privacy compliance has become critical. We present OpenGuardrails, the first fully open-source platform that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Wang , Haowen Li

The increasing availability of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their potential misuse in online learning. While tools for detecting LLM-generated text exist and are widely used by researchers and educators, their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shambhavi Bhushan , Danielle R Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Isha Raghuvanshi , Ralph Abboud , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth Koedinger

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) used by ChatGPT, has profoundly impacted the academic and broader community. While these models offer numerous advantages in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhicheng Dou , Yuchen Guo , Ching-Chun Chang , Huy H. Nguyen , Isao Echizen

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in the production of LLM-generated texts that is highly sophisticated and almost indistinguishable from texts written by humans. However, this has also sparked concerns about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Ruixiang Tang , Yu-Neng Chuang , Xia Hu

The increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) across enterprise and mission-critical domains has underscored the urgent need for robust guardrailing systems that ensure safety, reliability, and compliance. Existing solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Karthik Avinash , Nikhil Pareek , Rishav Hada

The detection of machine-generated text, especially from large language models (LLMs), is crucial in preventing serious social problems resulting from their misuse. Some methods train dedicated detectors on specific datasets but fall short…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yibo Miao , Hongcheng Gao , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities for code generation. While existing benchmarks evaluate the correctness and efficiency of LLM-generated code, the potential linguistic bias - where code quality varies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Weipeng Jiang , Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ziyan Lei , Chao Shen
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