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The advent of dedicated Deep Learning (DL) accelerators and neuromorphic processors has brought on new opportunities for applying both Deep and Spiking Neural Network (SNN) algorithms to healthcare and biomedical applications at the edge.…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced explosive growth in recent years. The large models have been widely applied in various fields, including natural language processing, image generation, and complex decision-making systems,…

The rapid growth of deep neural networks (DNNs) has exposed fundamental limitations in electronic accelerators, where data movement dominates energy consumption, commonly referred to as the memory wall. Photonic accelerators offer a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Belal Jahannia , Abdolah Amirany , Hamed Dalir

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly pushing the limits of contemporary computing hardware. For example, training GPT-3 has been estimated to consume around 1300 MWh of electricity, and projections suggest future models may require…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Renjie Li , Wenjie Wei , Qi Xin , Xiaoli Liu , Sixuan Mao , Erik Ma , Zijian Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li , Zhaoyu Zhang

Neural networks have enabled applications in artificial intelligence through machine learning, and neuromorphic computing. Software implementations of neural networks on conventional computers that have separate memory and processor (and…

The incorporation of high-performance optoelectronic devices into photonic neuromorphic processors can substantially accelerate computationally intensive operations in machine learning (ML) algorithms. However, the conventional device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Yingheng Tang , Princess Tara Zamani , Ruiyang Chen , Jianzhu Ma , Minghao Qi , Cunxi Yu , Weilu Gao

Neural networks powered by artificial intelligence play a pivotal role in current estimation and classification applications due to the escalating computational demands of evolving deep learning systems. The hindrances posed by existing…

Optics · Physics 2023-06-06 Wenwen Zhang , Hao Zhang

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) and graph processing have emerged as transformative technologies for natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, and graph-structured data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Salma Afifi , Febin Sunny , Mahdi Nikdast , Sudeep Pasricha

Neuromorphic photonics has recently emerged as a promising hardware accelerator, with significant potential speed and energy advantages over digital electronics, for machine learning algorithms such as neural networks of various types.…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-27 Changming Wu , Heshan Yu , Seokhyeong Lee , Ruoming Peng , Ichiro Takeuchi , Mo Li

The growing need for intelligent, adaptive, and energy-efficient autonomous systems across fields such as robotics, mobile agents (e.g., UAVs), and self-driving vehicles is driving interest in neuromorphic computing. By drawing inspiration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

The field of mimicking the structure of the brain on a chip is experiencing interest driven by the demand for machine intelligent applications. However, the power consumption and available performance of machine-learning (ML) accelerating…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Nicola Peserico , Thomas Ferreira De Lima , Paul R. Prucnal , Volker J. Sorger

This roadmap consolidates recent advances while exploring emerging applications, reflecting the remarkable diversity of hardware platforms, neuromorphic concepts, and implementation philosophies reported in the field. It emphasizes the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Daniel Brunner , Bhavin J. Shastri , Mohammed A. Al Qadasi , H. Ballani , Sylvain Barbay , Stefano Biasi , Peter Bienstman , Simon Bilodeau , Wim Bogaerts , Fabian Böhm , G. Brennan , Sonia Buckley , Xinlun Cai , Marcello Calvanese Strinati , B. Canakci , Benoit Charbonnier , Mario Chemnitz , Yitong Chen , Stanley Cheung , Jeff Chiles , Suyeon Choi , Demetrios N. Christodoulides , Lukas Chrostowski , J. Chu , J. H. Clegg , D. Cletheroe , Claudio Conti , Qionghai Dai , Luigi Di Lauro , Nikolaos Panteleimon Diamantopoulos , Niyazi Ulas Dinc , Jacob Ewaniuk , Shanhui Fan , Lu Fang , Riccardo Franchi , Pedro Freire , Silvia Gentilini , Sylvain Gigan , Gian Luca Giorgi , C. Gkantsidis , J. Gladrow , Elena Goi , M. Goldmann , A. Grabulosa , Min Gu , Xianxin Guo , Matěj Hejda , F. Horst , Jih Liang Hsieh , Jianqi Hu , Juejun Hu , Chaoran Huang , Antonio Hurtado , Lina Jaurigue , K. P. Kalinin , Morteza Kamalian Kopae , D. J. Kelly , Mercedeh Khajavikhan , H. Kremer , Jeremie Laydevant , Joshua C. Lederman , Jongheon Lee , Daan Lenstra , Gordon H. Y. Li , Mo Li , Yuhang Li , Xing Lin , Zhongjin Lin , Mieszko Lis , Kathy Lüdge , Alessio Lugnan , Alessandro Lupo , A. I. Lvovsky , Egor Manuylovich , Alireza Marandi , Federico Marchesin , Serge Massar , Adam N. McCaughan , Peter L. McMahon , Miltiadis Moralis Pegios , Roberto Morandotti , Christophe Moser , David J. Moss , Avilash Mukherjee , Mahdi Nikdast , B. J. Offrein , Ilker Oguz , Bakhrom Oripov , G. O'Shea , Aydogan Ozcan , F. Parmigiani , Sudeep Pasricha , Fabio Pavanello , Lorenzo Pavesi , Nicola Peserico , L. Pickup , Davide Pierangeli , Nikos Pleros , Xavier Porte , Bryce A. Primavera , Paul Prucnal , Demetri Psaltis , Lukas Puts , Fei Qiao , B. Rahmani , Fabrice Raineri , Carlos A. Ríos Ocampo , Joshua Robertson , Bruno Romeira , Charles Roques Carmes , Nir Rotenberg , A. Rowstron , Steffen Schoenhardt , Russell L . T. Schwartz , Jeffrey M. Shainline , Sudip Shekhar , Anas Skalli , Mandar M. Sohoni , Volker J. Sorger , Miguel C. Soriano , James Spall , Ripalta Stabile , Birgit Stiller , Satoshi Sunada , Anastasios Tefas , Bassem Tossoun , Apostolos Tsakyridis , Sergei K. Turitsyn , Guy Van der Sande , Thomas Van Vaerenbergh , Daniele Veraldi , Guy Verschaffelt , E. A. Vlieg , Hao Wang , Tianyu Wang , Gordon Wetzstein , Logan G. Wright , Changming Wu , Chu Wu , Jiamin Wu , Fei Xia , Xingyuan Xu , Hangbo Yang , Weiming Yao , Mustafa Yildirim , S. J. Ben Yoo , Nathan Youngblood , Roberta Zambrini , Haiou Zhang , Weipeng Zhang

A neuromorphic chip that combines CMOS analog spiking neurons and memristive synapses offers a promising solution to brain-inspired computing, as it can provide massive neural network parallelism and density. Previous hybrid analog…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Xinyu Wu , Vishal Saxena , Kehan Zhu

In this work we show how we can build a technology platform for cognitive imaging sensors using recent advances in recurrent neural network architectures and training methods inspired from biology. We demonstrate learning and processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Samiran Ganguly , Yunfei Gu , Mircea R. Stan , Avik W. Ghosh

Neuromorphic photonic accelerators are becoming increasingly popular, since they can significantly improve computation speed and energy efficiency, leading to femtojoule per MAC efficiency. However, deploying existing DL models on such…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Manos Kirtas , Nikolaos Passalis , Nikolaos Pleros , Anastasios Tefas

Digital neuromorphic processors are emerging as a promising computing substrate for low-power, always-on EdgeAI applications. In this tutorial paper, we outline the main architectural design principles behind fully digital neuromorphic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Amirreza Yousefzadeh

In an age overrun with information, the ability to process reams of data has become crucial. The demand for data will continue to grow as smart gadgets multiply and become increasingly integrated into our daily lives. Next-generation…

Neuromorphic photonic computing represents a paradigm shift for next-generation machine intelligence, yet critical gaps persist in emulating the brain's event-driven, asynchronous dynamics,a fundamental barrier to unlocking its full…

Over the last decade, artificial intelligence has found many applications areas in the society. As AI solutions have become more sophistication and the use cases grew, they highlighted the need to address performance and energy efficiency…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Eren Kurshan , Hai Li , Mingoo Seok , Yuan Xie

Neuromorphic systems open up opportunities to enlarge the explorative space for computational research. However, it is often challenging to unite efficiency and usability. This work presents the software aspects of this endeavor for the…