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Near-term large quantum computers are not able to operate as a single processing unit. It is therefore required to partition a quantum circuit into smaller parts, and then each part is executed on a small unit. This approach is known as…

Near-term quantum computers can hold only a small number of qubits. One way to facilitate large-scale quantum computations is through a distributed network of quantum computers. In this work, we consider the problem of distributing quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Ranjani G Sundaram , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

Executing large quantum circuits is not feasible using the currently available NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) devices. The high costs of using real quantum devices make it further challenging to research and develop quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Kartikey Sarode , Daniel E. Huang , E. Wes Bethel

Distributing quantum workloads over many Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) is a crucial step in scaling up quantum computers toward practical quantum advantage due to the limitations in size of a single QPU. In the absence of high-fidelity…

Distributed quantum computation is often proposed to increase the scalability of quantum hardware, as it reduces cooperative noise and requisite connectivity by sharing quantum information between distant quantum devices. However, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Abigail McClain Gomez , Taylor L. Patti , Anima Anandkumar , Susanne F. Yelin

To run an algorithm on a quantum computer, one must choose an assignment from logical qubits in a circuit to physical qubits on quantum hardware. This task of initial qubit placement, or qubit allocation, is especially important on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 Bryan Dury , Olivia Di Matteo

Distributed quantum computing has been well-known for many years as a system composed of a number of small-capacity quantum circuits. Limitations in the capacity of monolithic quantum computing systems can be overcome by using distributed…

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is widely regarded as a promising approach to overcome quantum hardware limitations. A major challenge in DQC lies in reducing the communication cost introduced by remote CNOT gates, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Hui Zhong , Jiachen Shen , Lei Fan , Xinyue Zhang , Hao Wang , Miao Pan , Zhu Han

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) connects many small quantum processors into a single logical machine, offering a practical route to scalable quantum computation. However, most existing DQC paradigms are structure-agnostic. Circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Yuwen Huang , Xiaojun Lin , Bin Luo , John C. S. Lui

Graph partitioning has many applications in powersystems from decentralized state estimation to parallel simulation. Focusing on parallel simulation, optimal grid partitioning minimizes the idle time caused by different simulation times for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Carsten Hartmann , Junjie Zhang , Carlos D. Gonzalez Calaza , Thiemo Pesch , Kristel Michielsen , Andrea Benigni

Quantum algorithms offer an exponential speedup over classical algorithms for a range of computational problems. The fundamental mechanisms underlying quantum computation required the development and construction of quantum computers. These…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shane Sweeney , Krishnendu Guha

Partitioning transportation networks into balanced and spatially coherent traffic zones is a fundamental yet computationally challenging task in intelligent transportation systems. The resulting optimization problem exhibits dense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ruimin Ke , Talha Azfar , Kaicong Huang , Shuyang Li

Near-term hardware is constrained by high error rates, small qubit counts, and relatively low output fidelity, making the execution of large, high performance quantum circuits difficult. Circuit partitioning (or circuit cutting) has emerged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Connor Howe , Cristina Radian , Justin Woodring , Vardaan Sahgal , Brian J. McDermott

Quantum simulation is a promising pathway toward practical quantum advantage by simulating large-scale quantum systems. In this work, we propose communication-efficient distributed quantum simulation protocols by exploring three quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Tianfeng Feng , Jue Xu , Wenjun Yu , Zekun Ye , Penghui Yao , Qi Zhao

The scalability of quantum computing is currently limited by physical, technological, and architectural constraints that hinder the integration of a large number of qubits within a single quantum processor. Distributed quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 F. Javier Cardama , Jorge Vázquez-Pérez , Tomás F. Pena , Andrés Gómez

Distributed quantum computing represents at present one of the most promising approaches to scaling quantum processors. Current implementations typically partition circuits into multiple cores, each composed of several qubits, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 J. Montes , F. Borondo , Gabriel G. Carlo

Quantum optimization as a field has largely been restricted by the constraints of current quantum computing hardware, as limitations on size, performance, and fidelity mean most non-trivial problem instances won't fit on quantum devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-03 Ibrahim Cameron , Teague Tomesh , Zain Saleem , Ilya Safro

Hypergraph partitioning is a fundamental optimization problem with applications in data management and other domains involving higher-order relations. In this paper, we study balanced hypergraph partitioning from the perspective of quantum…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yiran Li , Y. Batuhan Yilmaz , Michael Silver , Zachary Vernec , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) provides a means for scaling available quantum computation by interconnecting multiple quantum processor units (QPUs). A key challenge in this domain is efficiently allocating logical qubits from quantum…

We propose a new method to extend the size of a quantum computation beyond the number of physical qubits available on a single device. This is accomplished by randomly inserting measure-and-prepare channels to express the output state of a…