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The rapid evolution of network technologies and the growing complexity of network tasks necessitate a paradigm shift in how networks are designed, configured, and managed. With a wealth of knowledge and expertise, large language models…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Yudong Huang , Hongyang Du , Xinyuan Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shuo Wang , Tao Huang

Pipeline Parallelism (PP) serves as a crucial technique for training Large Language Models (LLMs), owing to its capability to alleviate memory pressure from model states with relatively low communication overhead. However, in long-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zhouyang Li , Yuliang Liu , Wei Zhang , Tailing Yuan , Bin Chen , Chengru Song , Di Zhang

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their enormous memory footprints, low arithmetic intensity, and stringent latency requirements, particularly during the autoregressive decoding stage.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Lingkun Long , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Ao Zhou , Xueyan Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver state-of-the-art performance across many tasks but impose high computational and memory costs, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained or real-time settings. To address this, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Nikunj Gupta , Bill Guo , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly require processing long text sequences, but GPU memory limitations force difficult trade-offs between memory capacity and bandwidth. While HBM-based acceleration offers high bandwidth, its capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Qingyuan Liu , Liyan Chen , Yanning Yang , Haocheng Wang , Dong Du , Zhigang Mao , Naifeng Jing , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically trained in two phases: pre-training on large internet-scale datasets, and fine-tuning for downstream tasks. Given the higher computational demand of pre-training, it's intuitive to assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 James Liu , Guangxuan Xiao , Kai Li , Jason D. Lee , Song Han , Tri Dao , Tianle Cai

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Pipeline parallelism (PP) has become a standard technique for scaling large language model (LLM) training across multiple devices. However, despite recent progress in reducing memory consumption through activation offloading, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hongpei Li , Han Zhang , Huikang Liu , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

Motivation: A perennial challenge for biomedical researchers and clinical practitioners is to stay abreast with the rapid growth of publications and medical notes. Natural language processing (NLP) has emerged as a promising direction for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Robert Tinn , Hao Cheng , Yu Gu , Naoto Usuyama , Xiaodong Liu , Tristan Naumann , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon

Training large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally constrained by limited device memory and costly inter-device communication. Although pipeline parallelism alleviates memory pressure by partitioning models across devices, it incurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Houming Wu , Ling Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on language tasks but face challenges when deployed on resource-constrained devices due to their extensive parameters and reliance on dense multiplications, resulting in high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haoran You , Yipin Guo , Yichao Fu , Wei Zhou , Huihong Shi , Xiaofan Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Yingyan Celine Lin

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced the evolution of single-GPU hardware, making model scale increasingly constrained by memory capacity rather than computation. While modern training systems extend GPU memory…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhengqing Yuan , Lichao Sun , Yanfang Ye

Large language models demand massive computational power and memory resources, posing significant challenges for efficient deployment. While quantization has been widely explored to reduce model size and computation, this paper demonstrates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Soroush Ahadi , Mehdi Modarressi , Masoud Daneshtalab

To address increasing compute demand from recent multi-model workloads with heavy models like large language models, we propose to deploy heterogeneous chiplet-based multi-chip module (MCM)-based accelerators. We develop an advanced…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mohanad Odema , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

The recent progress of large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT and GPT-4, in comprehending and responding to human instructions has been remarkable. Nevertheless, these models typically perform better in English and have not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Honglin Xiong , Sheng Wang , Yitao Zhu , Zihao Zhao , Yuxiao Liu , Linlin Huang , Qian Wang , Dinggang Shen

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

A practical large language model (LLM) service may involve a long system prompt, which specifies the instructions, examples, and knowledge documents of the task and is reused across requests. However, the long system prompt causes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Lei Zhu , Xinjiang Wang , Wayne Zhang , Rynson W. H. Lau
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