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Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large Language Models are increasingly used to build agents to perform more complex tasks. As LLMs perform more complicated reasoning through longer interactions, self-consistency, i.e., the idea that the answer obtained from sampling and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Naryeong Kim , Sungmin Kang , Gabin An , Shin Yoo

There is a growing literature on reasoning by large language models (LLMs), but the discussion on the uncertainty in their responses is still lacking. Our aim is to assess the extent of confidence that LLMs have in their answers and how it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yudi Pawitan , Chris Holmes

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving across various domains. However, their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning task-essential…

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

Self-consistency with chain-of-thought prompting (CoT) has demonstrated remarkable performance gains on various challenging tasks, by utilizing multiple reasoning paths sampled from large language models (LLMs). However, self-consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xinyun Chen , Renat Aksitov , Uri Alon , Jie Ren , Kefan Xiao , Pengcheng Yin , Sushant Prakash , Charles Sutton , Xuezhi Wang , Denny Zhou

Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) tests are among the most used methods for evaluating large language models (LLMs). Besides checking the correctness of the selected answer, evaluations often consider the model's confidence through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tairan Fu , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , María Grandury , Pedro Reviriego

This study investigates the internal information flow of large language models (LLMs) while performing chain-of-thought (CoT) style reasoning. Specifically, with a particular interest in the faithfulness of the CoT explanation to LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Keito Kudo , Yoichi Aoki , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shusaku Sone , Masaya Taniguchi , Ana Brassard , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

A popular approach for improving the correctness of output from large language models (LLMs) is Self-Consistency - poll the LLM multiple times and output the most frequent solution. Existing Self-Consistency techniques always generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Pranjal Aggarwal , Aman Madaan , Yiming Yang , Mausam

Consistency is a fundamental dimension of trustworthiness in Large Language Models (LLMs). For humans to be able to trust LLM-based applications, their outputs should be consistent when prompted with inputs that carry the same meaning or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Harsh Raj , Vipul Gupta , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Large language models (LLMs) perform better when they produce step-by-step, "Chain-of-Thought" (CoT) reasoning before answering a question, but it is unclear if the stated reasoning is a faithful explanation of the model's actual reasoning…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have grown increasingly powerful, yet ensuring their decisions remain transparent and trustworthy requires self-consistency -- no contradictions in their internal reasoning. Our study reveals that even on simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhenru Lin , Jiawen Tao , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generate non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve strong performance on many tasks by producing step-by-step reasoning before giving a final output, often referred to as chain-of-thought reasoning (CoT). It is tempting to interpret these CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Miles Turpin , Julian Michael , Ethan Perez , Samuel R. Bowman

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved widespread success on a variety of in-context few-shot tasks, but this success is typically evaluated via correctness rather than consistency. We argue that self-consistency is an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Angelica Chen , Jason Phang , Alicia Parrish , Vishakh Padmakumar , Chen Zhao , Samuel R. Bowman , Kyunghyun Cho

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in predicting mental health outcomes from online text, yet traditional classification methods often lack interpretability and robustness. This study evaluates structured reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Avinash Patil , Amardeep Kour Gedhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

The chain-of-thought (CoT) paradigm uses the elicitation of step-by-step rationales as a proxy for reasoning, gradually refining the model's latent representation of a solution. However, it remains unclear just how early a Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Joey David

Self-consistency decoding enhances LLMs' performance on reasoning tasks by sampling diverse reasoning paths and selecting the most frequent answer. However, it is computationally expensive, as sampling many of these (lengthy) paths is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amir Taubenfeld , Tom Sheffer , Eran Ofek , Amir Feder , Ariel Goldstein , Zorik Gekhman , Gal Yona
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