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In the time-series domain, an increasing number of works combine text with temporal data to leverage the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for various downstream time-series understanding tasks. This enables a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhirui Zhang , Changhua Pei , Tianyi Gao , Zhe Xie , Yibo Hao , Zhaoyang Yu , Longlong Xu , Tong Xiao , Jing Han , Dan Pei

The planning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their remarkable capacity for multi-step reasoning and their ability to generalize across a wide range of domains. While some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mohamed Aghzal , Erion Plaku , Gregory J. Stein , Ziyu Yao

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex reasoning, yet the limitations of current Chain-of-Thought (CoT) evaluation obscures whether performance gains stem from genuine reasoning or mere verbosity. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhizhang Fu , Yuancheng Gu , Chenkai Hu , Hanmeng Liu , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in reasoning, demonstrating their capability to generate human-like responses. This study analyzes the problem-solving capabilities of LLMs in the domain of thermodynamics. A…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Rebecca Loubet , Pascal Zittlau , Luisa Vollmer , Marco Hoffmann , Sophie Fellenz , Fabian Jirasek , Heike Leitte , Hans Hasse

The widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) has motivated a growing interest in their capacity for processing dynamic graphs. Temporal motifs, as an elementary unit and important local property of dynamic graphs which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bing Hao , Minglai Shao , Zengyi Wo , Yunlong Chu , Yuhang Liu , Ruijie Wang

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where reasoning, such as multi-step problem solving and chain-of-thought, is essential. Yet, current evaluation practices overwhelmingly report single-run accuracy while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Nearchos Potamitis , Lars Klein , Akhil Arora

Continuously learning new tasks using high-level ideas or knowledge is a key capability of humans. In this paper, we propose Lifelong reinforcement learning with Sequential linear temporal logic formulas and Reward Machines (LSRM), which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Xuejing Zheng , Chao Yu , Chen Chen , Jianye Hao , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in time series modeling tasks, but do they truly understand time series data? While multiple benchmarks have been proposed to answer this fundamental question, most are manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Malgorzata Gwiazda , Yifu Cai , Mononito Goswami , Arjun Choudhry , Artur Dubrawski

Large Language Models (LLMs) were shown to struggle with long-term planning, which may be caused by the limited way in which they explore the space of possible solutions. We propose an architecture where a Reinforcement Learning (RL) Agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yoav Alon , Cristina David

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at recognizing individual visual elements and reasoning over simple linear diagrams. However, when faced with complex topological structures involving branching paths, converging flows, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Qiang Xu , Shengyuan Bai , Yu Wang , He Cao , Leqing Chen , Yuanyuan Liu , Bin Feng , Zijing Liu , Yu Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly participate in human-AI interactions, evaluating their Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities - particularly their ability to track dynamic mental states - becomes crucial. While existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yang Xiao , Jiashuo Wang , Qiancheng Xu , Changhe Song , Chunpu Xu , Yi Cheng , Wenjie Li , Pengfei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense advances in a wide range of natural language tasks. However, these models are susceptible to hallucinations and errors on particularly temporal understanding tasks involving multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Alexandru Dumitru , V Venktesh , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly ubiquitous, yet their ability to retain and reason about temporal information remains limited, hindering their application in real-world scenarios where understanding the sequential nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Himanshu Beniwal , Dishant Patel , Kowsik Nandagopan D , Hritik Ladia , Ankit Yadav , Mayank Singh

Large language model (LLM) agents have exhibited strong problem-solving competence across domains like research and coding. Yet, it remains underexplored whether LLM agents can tackle compounding real-world problems that require a diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hanwen Xu , Xuyao Huang , Yuzhe Liu , Kai Yu , Zhijie Deng

There is an increasing body of work using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents for orchestrating workflows and making decisions in domains that require planning and multi-step reasoning. As a result, it is imperative to evaluate LLMs on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsha Kokel , Michael Katz , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

Enhancing the temporal understanding of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is essential for advancing long-form video analysis, enabling tasks such as temporal localization, action detection, and time-sensitive question answering.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tao Wu , Li Yang , Gen Zhan , Yabin Zhang , Yiting Liao , Junlin Li , Deliang Fu , Li Zhang , Limin Wang

This study addresses the challenges of analyzing temporal discrepancies in large language models (LLMs) trained on data from different time periods. To facilitate the automatic exploration of these differences, we propose a novel system…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Reinhard Friedrich Fritsch , Adam Jatowt

Reasoning about time and temporal relations is an integral aspect of human cognition, essential for perceiving the world and navigating our experiences. Though large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Nick Beauchamp , Lu Wang