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Multimodal representation learning produces high-dimensional embeddings that align diverse modalities in a shared latent space. While this enables strong generalization, it also introduces scalability challenges, both in terms of storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Eleonora Grassucci , Giordano Cicchetti , Aurelio Uncini , Danilo Comminiello

The success of vision-language models is primarily attributed to effective alignment across modalities such as vision and language. However, modality gaps persist in existing alignment algorithms and appear necessary for human perception as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hanqi Yan , Xiangxiang Cui , Lu Yin , Jindong Gu , Paul Pu Liang , Yulan He , Yifei Wang

Continual learning aims to enable models to learn sequentially from continuously incoming data while retaining performance on previously learned tasks. With the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-trained model (CLIP) exhibiting strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Linlan Huang , Xusheng Cao , Haori Lu , Yifan Meng , Fei Yang , Xialei Liu

In recent years, with the significant evolution of multi-modal large models, many recommender researchers realized the potential of multi-modal information for user interest modeling. In industry, a wide-used modeling architecture is a…

Personalized recommendation serves as a ubiquitous channel for users to discover information tailored to their interests. However, traditional recommendation models primarily rely on unique IDs and categorical features for user-item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Qijiong Liu , Jieming Zhu , Yanting Yang , Quanyu Dai , Zhaocheng Du , Xiao-Ming Wu , Zhou Zhao , Rui Zhang , Zhenhua Dong

Recommendation systems have become popular and effective tools to help users discover their interesting items by modeling the user preference and item property based on implicit interactions (e.g., purchasing and clicking). Humans perceive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Hongyu Zhou , Xin Zhou , Zhiwei Zeng , Lingzi Zhang , Zhiqi Shen

Accurately recommending products has long been a subject requiring in-depth research. This study proposes a multimodal paradigm for clothing recommendations. Specifically, it designs a multimodal analysis method that integrates clothing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bingjie Huang , Qingyi Lu , Shuaishuai Huang , Xue-she Wang , Haowei Yang

Multimodal data plays a critical role in web-based recommendation systems, where information from diverse modalities such as vision and text enhances representation learning. However, real-world multimodal datasets often suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yuan Li , Jun Hu , Jiaxin Jiang , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

With the development of multimedia systems, multimodal recommendations are playing an essential role, as they can leverage rich contexts beyond interactions. Existing methods mainly regard multimodal information as an auxiliary, using them…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Yifan Liu , Kangning Zhang , Xiangyuan Ren , Yanhua Huang , Jiarui Jin , Yingjie Qin , Ruilong Su , Ruiwen Xu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

The importance of recommender systems is growing rapidly due to the exponential increase in the volume of content generated daily. This surge in content presents unique challenges for designing effective recommender systems. Key among these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jiahao Tian , Jinman Zhao , Zhenkai Wang , Zhicheng Ding

Multimodal sentiment analysis is a fundamental problem in the field of affective computing. Although significant progress has been made in cross-modal interaction, it remains a challenge due to the insufficient reference context in…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xianbing Zhao , Shengzun Yang , Buzhou Tang , Ronghuan Jiang

Multimodal representation learning aims to construct a shared embedding space in which heterogeneous modalities are semantically aligned. Despite strong empirical results, InfoNCE-based objectives introduce inherent conflicts that yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Wenzhe Yin , Pan Zhou , Zehao Xiao , Jie Liu , Shujian Yu , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Efstratios Gavves

Despite Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP)'s remarkable capability to retrieve content across modalities, a substantial modality gap persists in its feature space. Intriguingly, we discover that off-the-shelf MLLMs (Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Pengfei Zhao , Rongbo Luan , Wei Zhang , Peng Wu , Sifeng He

Vision-language models (VLMs) allow to embed texts and images in a shared representation space. However, it has been shown that these models are subject to a modality gap phenomenon meaning there exists a clear separation between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 François Role , Sébastien Meyer , Victor Amblard

Multimodal recommendation systems have attracted increasing attention for their improved performance by leveraging items' multimodal information. Prior methods often build modality-specific item-item semantic graphs from raw modality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Xiaoxiong Zhang , Xin Zhou , Zhiwei Zeng , Dusit Niyato , Zhiqi Shen

The rapid expansion of online fashion platforms has created an increasing demand for intelligent recommender systems capable of understanding both visual and textual cues. This paper proposes a hybrid multimodal deep learning framework for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kamand Kalashi , Babak Teimourpour

Human beings have rich ways of emotional expressions, including facial action, voice, and natural languages. Due to the diversity and complexity of different individuals, the emotions expressed by various modalities may be semantically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chuan Zhang , Daoxin Zhang , Ruixiu Zhang , Jiawei Li , Jianke Zhu

Multimodal processing has attracted much attention lately especially with the success of pre-training. However, the exploration has mainly focused on vision-language pre-training, as introducing more modalities can greatly complicate model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Ludan Ruan , Anwen Hu , Yuqing Song , Liang Zhang , Sipeng Zheng , Qin Jin

Multimodal learning from document data has achieved great success lately as it allows to pre-train semantically meaningful features as a prior into a learnable downstream task. In this paper, we approach the document classification problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Souhail Bakkali , Zuheng Ming , Mickael Coustaty , Marçal Rusiñol , Oriol Ramos Terrades

In semantic segmentation, generalizing a visual system to both seen categories and novel categories at inference time has always been practically valuable yet challenging. To enable such functionality, existing methods mainly rely on either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yuhuan Yang , Chaofan Ma , Chen Ju , Fei Zhang , Jiangchao Yao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang