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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Due to the nature of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) applications, black-box defenses are more practical than white-box methods, yet existing purification techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Yu Bi

The success of a deep neural network (DNN) heavily relies on the details of the training scheme; e.g., training data, architectures, hyper-parameters, etc. Recent backdoor attacks suggest that an adversary can take advantage of such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Nazmul Karim , Abdullah Al Arafat , Umar Khalid , Zhishan Guo , Naznin Rahnavard

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks have emerged as significant security threats, especially as DNNs are increasingly deployed in security-critical applications. However, most existing works assume that the attacker has access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiahao Wang , Xianglong Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengfei Hu , Guoming Zhang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gain its popularity in various scenarios in recent years. However, its excellent ability of fitting complex functions also makes it vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, a backdoor can remain hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Xinrui Liu , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Kefan Qiu , Yuanzhang Li

The backdoor attack, where the adversary uses inputs stamped with triggers (e.g., a patch) to activate pre-planted malicious behaviors, is a severe threat to Deep Neural Network (DNN) models. Trigger inversion is an effective way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhenting Wang , Kai Mei , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world applications has benefited from abundant pre-trained models. However, the backdoored pre-trained models can pose a significant trojan threat to the deployment of downstream DNNs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Jinyin Chen , Haibin Zheng , Yang Zhang , Haohan Wang

Backdoor attacks threaten Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Towards stealthiness, researchers propose clean-label backdoor attacks, which require the adversaries not to alter the labels of the poisoned training datasets. Clean-label settings…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Nan Luo , Yuanzhang Li , Yajie Wang , Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Quanxin Zhang

Recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) have opened up new avenues for its extensive use in real-world applications. Facial recognition, specifically, is used from simple friend suggestions in social-media platforms to critical security…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Esha Sarkar , Hadjer Benkraouda , Michail Maniatakos

Deep neural networks (DNNs) and generative AI (GenAI) are increasingly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where adversaries embed triggers into inputs to cause models to misclassify or misinterpret target labels. Beyond traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kyle Stein , Andrew A. Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

Backdoor (Trojan) attacks are an important type of adversarial exploit against deep neural networks (DNNs), wherein a test instance is (mis)classified to the attacker's target class whenever the attacker's backdoor trigger is present. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xi Li , Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , George Kesidis

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a significant security threat, allowing adversaries to implant hidden malicious behaviors during the model training phase. Pre-processing-based defense, which is one of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yukun Chen , Shuo Shao , Enhao Huang , Yiming Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where a backdoored model behaves normally with clean inputs but exhibits attacker-specified behaviors upon the inputs containing triggers. Most previous backdoor attacks mainly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Linshan Hou , Zhongyun Hua , Yuhong Li , Yifeng Zheng , Leo Yu Zhang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have long been recognized as vulnerable to backdoor attacks. By providing poisoned training data in the fine-tuning process, the attacker can implant a backdoor into the victim model. This enables input samples…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Yu Bi

The backdoor attack poses a new security threat to deep neural networks. Existing backdoor often relies on visible universal trigger to make the backdoored model malfunction, which are not only usually visually suspicious to human but also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Xiangqi Wang , Mingfu Xue , Kewei Chen , Jing Xu , Wenmao Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Yushu Zhang

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), so that the attacked models perform well on benign samples, whereas their predictions will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

Recently, backdoor attacks pose a new security threat to the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Attackers intend to inject hidden backdoors into DNNs, such that the attacked model performs well on benign samples, whereas its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Yuezun Li , Yiming Li , Baoyuan Wu , Longkang Li , Ran He , Siwei Lyu

Intuitively, a backdoor attack against Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is to inject hidden malicious behaviors into DNNs such that the backdoor model behaves legitimately for benign inputs, yet invokes a predefined malicious behavior when its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shaofeng Li , Shiqing Ma , Minhui Xue , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao

Recent studies have exposed that GNNs are vulnerable to several adversarial attacks, among which backdoor attack is one of the toughest. Similar to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), backdoor attacks in GNNs lie in the fact that the attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jiale Zhang , Chengcheng Zhu , Bosen Rao , Hao Sui , Xiaobing Sun , Bing Chen , Chunyi Zhou , Shouling Ji

In the rapidly evolving landscape of communication and network security, the increasing reliance on deep neural networks (DNNs) and cloud services for data processing presents a significant vulnerability: the potential for backdoors that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Khondoker Murad Hossain , Tim Oates