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Related papers: EVA-Score: Evaluating Abstractive Long-form Summar…

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\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in listwise passage reranking task. However, directly applying them to rank long-form documents introduces both effectiveness and efficiency issues due to the substantially…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jincheng Feng , Wenhan Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) are now used in settings such as Google's AI Overviews, where it summarizes multiple long documents. However, it remains unclear whether they weight all inputs equally. Focusing on abortion-related news, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jing Ma

ROUGE is one of the first and most widely used evaluation metrics for text summarization. However, its assessment merely relies on surface similarities between peer and model summaries. Consequently, ROUGE is unable to fairly evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Elaheh ShafieiBavani , Mohammad Ebrahimi , Raymond Wong , Fang Chen

Several code summarization techniques have been proposed in the literature to automatically document a code snippet or a function. Ideally, software developers should be involved in assessing the quality of the generated summaries. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Antonio Mastropaolo , Matteo Ciniselli , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

ROUGE is a widely adopted, automatic evaluation measure for text summarization. While it has been shown to correlate well with human judgements, it is biased towards surface lexical similarities. This makes it unsuitable for the evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Jun-Ping Ng , Viktoria Abrecht

Modern LLMs can now produce highly readable abstractive summaries, to the point that traditional automated metrics for evaluating summary quality, such as ROUGE, have saturated. However, LLMs still sometimes introduce inaccuracies into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Sanjana Ramprasad , Byron C. Wallace

Extractive reading comprehension question answering (QA) datasets are typically evaluated using Exact Match (EM) and F1-score, but these metrics often fail to fully capture model performance. With the success of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Akiko Aizawa

Question answering-based summarization evaluation metrics must automatically determine whether the QA model's prediction is correct or not, a task known as answer verification. In this work, we benchmark the lexical answer verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Daniel Deutsch , Dan Roth

A vast amount of textual data is added to the internet daily, making utilization and interpretation of such data difficult and cumbersome. As a result, automatic text summarization is crucial for extracting relevant information, saving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Naman Chhibbar , Jugal Kalita

A desirable property of a reference-based evaluation metric that measures the content quality of a summary is that it should estimate how much information that summary has in common with a reference. Traditional text overlap based metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Daniel Deutsch , Tania Bedrax-Weiss , Dan Roth

This paper introduces Latent Relational Analysis (LRA), a method for measuring relational similarity. LRA has potential applications in many areas, including information extraction, word sense disambiguation, machine translation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Peter D. Turney

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), the novel metric "Brainscore" emerged as a means to evaluate the functional similarity between LLMs and human brain/neural systems. Our efforts were dedicated to mining the meaning of the novel…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-16 Jingkai Li

Human evaluation is the foundation upon which the evaluation of both summarization systems and automatic metrics rests. However, existing human evaluation studies for summarization either exhibit a low inter-annotator agreement or have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Pengfei Liu , Yilun Zhao , Linyong Nan , Ruilin Han , Simeng Han , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu , Caiming Xiong , Dragomir Radev

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in abstractive summarization tasks. However, their ability to precisely control summary attributes (e.g., length or topic) remains underexplored, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sangwon Ryu , Heejin Do , Daehee Kim , Hwanjo Yu , Dongwoo Kim , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee , Jungseul Ok

The zero-shot capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled highly flexible, reference-free metrics for various tasks, making LLM evaluators common tools in NLP. However, the robustness of these LLM evaluators remains relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Rickard Stureborg , Dimitris Alikaniotis , Yoshi Suhara

Existing automatic evaluation on text-to-image synthesis can only provide an image-text matching score, without considering the object-level compositionality, which results in poor correlation with human judgments. In this work, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yujie Lu , Xianjun Yang , Xiujun Li , Xin Eric Wang , William Yang Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to new summarization strategies, offering an extensive toolkit for extracting important information. However, these approaches are frequently limited by their reliance on isolated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Pranav Janjani , Mayank Palan , Sarvesh Shirude , Ninad Shegokar , Sunny Kumar , Faruk Kazi

Recent years have brought about an interest in the challenging task of summarizing conversation threads (meetings, online discussions, etc.). Such summaries help analysis of the long text to quickly catch up with the decisions made and thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Shiyue Zhang , Asli Celikyilmaz , Jianfeng Gao , Mohit Bansal

Automatic evaluation metrics are crucial for advancing sign language translation (SLT). Current SLT evaluation metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, are only text-based, and it remains unclear to what extent text-based metrics can reliably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shakib Yazdani , Yasser Hamidullah , Cristina España-Bonet , Eleftherios Avramidis , Josef van Genabith
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