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Model explanations such as saliency maps can improve user trust in AI by highlighting important features for a prediction. However, these become distorted and misleading when explaining predictions of images that are subject to systematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Wencan Zhang , Mariella Dimiccoli , Brian Y. Lim

Understanding predictions made by deep neural networks is notoriously difficult, but also crucial to their dissemination. As all machine learning based methods, they are as good as their training data, and can also capture unwanted biases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Amir Feder , Nadav Oved , Uri Shalit , Roi Reichart

Emotion recognition in dynamic social contexts requires an understanding of the complex interaction between facial expressions and situational cues. This paper presents a salience-adjusted framework for context-aware emotion recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Bin Han , Jonathan Gratch

Causal approaches to fairness have seen substantial recent interest, both from the machine learning community and from wider parties interested in ethical prediction algorithms. In no small part, this has been due to the fact that causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-17 Niki Kilbertus , Philip J. Ball , Matt J. Kusner , Adrian Weller , Ricardo Silva

Emotion recognition in conversations is essential for ensuring advanced human-machine interactions. However, creating robust and accurate emotion recognition systems in real life is challenging, mainly due to the scarcity of emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Théo Deschamps-Berger , Lori Lamel , Laurence Devillers

The focus of the efforts for defining and modelling emotion is broadly shifting from classical definite marker theory to statistically context situated conceptual theory. However, the role of context processing and its interaction with the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-05-05 Sudhakar Mishra , U. S. Tiwary

Emotion plays a fundamental role in human interaction, and therefore systems capable of identifying emotions in speech are crucial in the context of human-computer interaction. Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a challenging problem,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Lucas Ueda , João Lima , Leonardo Marques , Paula Costa

Causal effect estimation from observational data is one of the essential problems in causal inference. However, most estimation methods rely on the strong assumption that all confounders are observed, which is impractical and untestable in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-14 Yubai Yuan , Annie Qu

As machine learning systems increasingly inform critical decisions, the need for human-understandable explanations grows. Current evaluations of Explainable AI (XAI) often prioritize technical fidelity over cognitive accessibility which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tobias Labarta , Nhi Hoang , Katharina Weitz , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Leander Weber

Emotion recognition aims to discern the emotional state of subjects within an image, relying on subject-centric and contextual visual cues. Current approaches typically follow a two-stage pipeline: first localize subjects by off-the-shelf…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Xinpeng Li , Teng Wang , Jian Zhao , Shuyi Mao , Jinbao Wang , Feng Zheng , Xiaojiang Peng , Xuelong Li

Context-aware processing mechanisms have increasingly become a critical area of exploration for improving the semantic and contextual capabilities of language generation models. The Context-Aware Semantic Recomposition Mechanism (CASRM) was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Richard Katrix , Quentin Carroway , Rowan Hawkesbury , Matthias Heathfield

Emotion Recognition in Conversations (ERC) has been gaining increasing importance as conversational agents become more and more common. Recognizing emotions is key for effective communication, being a crucial component in the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Patrícia Pereira , Helena Moniz , Isabel Dias , Joao Paulo Carvalho

Machine learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance on many supervised learning tasks. However, prior evidence suggests that these models may learn to rely on shortcut biases or spurious correlations (intuitively, correlations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Sindhu C. M. Gowda , Shalmali Joshi , Haoran Zhang , Marzyeh Ghassemi

We propose a principle for exploring context in machine learning models. Starting with a simple assumption that each observation may or may not depend on its context, a conditional probability distribution is decomposed into two parts:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yun Zeng

While machine learning approaches to visual emotion recognition offer great promise, current methods consider training and testing models on small scale datasets covering limited visual emotion concepts. Our analysis identifies an important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Rameswar Panda , Jianming Zhang , Haoxiang Li , Joon-Young Lee , Xin Lu , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often struggle with out-of-distribution data, limiting their reliability in diverse realworld applications. To address this issue, domain generalization methods have been developed to learn domain-invariant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jiaxi Li , Di Lin , Hao Chen , Hongying Liu , Liang Wan , Wei Feng

The advent of deep learning models has made a considerable contribution to the achievement of Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC). However, this task still remains an important challenge due to the plurality and subjectivity of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Barbara Gendron , Gaël Guibon

"How does the person in the bounding box feel?" Achieving human-level recognition of the apparent emotion of a person in real world situations remains an unsolved task in computer vision. Facial expressions are not enough: body pose,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yasaman Etesam , Özge Nilay Yalçın , Chuxuan Zhang , Angelica Lim

How can we understand classification decisions made by deep neural networks? Many existing explainability methods rely solely on correlations and fail to account for confounding, which may result in potentially misleading explanations. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Yash Goyal , Amir Feder , Uri Shalit , Been Kim

Multimodal classifiers function as opaque black box models. While several techniques exist to interpret their predictions, very few of them are as intuitive and accessible as natural language explanations (NLEs). To build trust, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Soham Bhattacharjee , Mohammed Hasanuzzaman , Asif Ekbal