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The COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally for several months. Because its transmissibility and high pathogenicity seriously threaten people's lives, it is crucial to accurately and quickly detect COVID-19 infection. Many recent studies have…

A learning algorithm referred to as Maximum Margin (MM) is proposed for considering the class-imbalance data learning issue: the trained model tends to predict the majority of classes rather than the minority ones. That is, underfitting for…

Medical imaging spans diverse tasks and modalities which play a pivotal role in disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. This study presents a novel exploration, being the first to systematically evaluate segmentation,…

In this work, we present an approach, which we call Embeddings for Language/Image-aligned X-Rays, or ELIXR, that leverages a language-aligned image encoder combined or grafted onto a fixed LLM, PaLM 2, to perform a broad range of chest…

Automated multi-label chest X-rays (CXR) image classification has achieved substantial progress in clinical diagnosis via utilizing sophisticated deep learning approaches. However, most deep models have high computational demands, which…

In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) has shown promising results in conducting AI tasks such as computer vision and image segmentation. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models in DL have been applied to prevention,detection,…

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for AI-driven tools to assist in rapid and accurate patient prognosis. Chest X-ray imaging is a widely available diagnostic tool, but existing…

Neural networks trained on real-world datasets with long-tailed label distributions are biased towards frequent classes and perform poorly on infrequent classes. The imbalance in the ratio of positive and negative samples for each class…

A major obstacle to the integration of deep learning models for chest x-ray interpretation into clinical settings is the lack of understanding of their failure modes. In this work, we first investigate whether there are patient subgroups…

Medical image segmentation aims to identify and locate abnormal structures in medical images, such as chest radiographs, using deep neural networks. These networks require a large number of annotated images with fine-grained masks for the…

Can one learn to diagnose COVID-19 under extreme minimal supervision? Since the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 there has been a rush for developing Artificial Intelligence techniques for expert-level disease identification on Chest X-ray…

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already taken millions of lives and damaged economies across the globe. Most COVID-19 deaths and economic losses are reported from densely crowded cities. It is comprehensible that the effective control and…

Performance degradation due to distribution discrepancy is a longstanding challenge in intelligent imaging, particularly for chest X-rays (CXRs). Recent studies have demonstrated that CNNs are biased toward styles (e.g., uninformative…

The increased availability of X-ray image archives (e.g. the ChestX-ray14 dataset from the NIH Clinical Center) has triggered a growing interest in deep learning techniques. To provide better insight into the different approaches, and their…

Obtaining automated preliminary read reports for common exams such as chest X-rays will expedite clinical workflows and improve operational efficiencies in hospitals. However, the quality of reports generated by current automated approaches…

Chest X-rays (CXRs) often display various diseases with disparate class frequencies, leading to a long-tailed, multi-label data distribution. In response to this challenge, we explore the Pruned MIMIC-CXR-LT dataset, a curated collection…

Computer-aided diagnosis has become a necessity for accurate and immediate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection to aid treatment and prevent the spread of the virus. Numerous studies have proposed to use Deep Learning techniques…

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading rapidly around the world and caused significant impact on the public health and economy. However, there is still lack of studies on effectively quantifying the lung infection…

Deep learning (DL) models are being deployed at medical centers to aid radiologists for diagnosis of lung conditions from chest radiographs. Such models are often trained on a large volume of publicly available labeled radiographs. These…

This paper addresses the new problem of automated screening of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on chest X-rays, which is urgently demanded toward fast stopping the pandemic. However, robust and accurate screening of COVID-19 from…